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The decision on disqualification of a member under the Tenth Schedule is taken by the ______ of the House, whose decision is subject to judicial review as held in ______ case.
Answer: Speaker/Chairman, Kihoto Hollohan
Paragraph 6 of the Tenth Schedule empowers the Speaker/Chairman of the House to decide on disqualification petitions. In Kihoto Hollohan v. Zachillhu (1992), the Supreme Court upheld the Speaker's role but made their decision subject to judicial review on grounds of mala fides, perversity, or violation of constitutional mandates. This balances legislative autonomy with constitutional supremacy.
Article ______ of the Constitution mandates that no tax shall be levied or collected except by authority of law.
Answer: 265
Article 265 establishes the principle of 'no taxation without law'. It states: 'No tax shall be levied or collected except by authority of law.' This ensures that taxation requires legislative sanction, protecting citizens from arbitrary executive taxation. It applies to both Union and State taxes.
The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) examines the audit reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) and has ______ members from Lok Sabha and ______ from Rajya Sabha.
Answer: 15, 7
The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) has 22 members: 15 from Lok Sabha and 7 from Rajya Sabha, elected by proportional representation. It examines CAG reports on government expenditure, ensuring accountability. The Chairman is traditionally from the Opposition party in Lok Sabha, enhancing impartial scrutiny.
Under the Tenth Schedule, a member of a House can be disqualified for defection if they voluntarily give up membership of their party or vote/abstain contrary to party directions without prior permission, unless the party condones the act within ______ days.
Answer: 15
Paragraph 2 of the Tenth Schedule specifies disqualification grounds. If a member votes/abstains contrary to party whip without permission, they can be disqualified unless the party condones the action within 15 days. The 91st Amendment (2003) removed the provision allowing splits (1/3rd members) as an exception, making the law stricter.
The Finance Commission is required to make recommendations on the distribution of net proceeds of taxes between Union and States for a period of ______ years.
Answer: five
Article 280 mandates that the Finance Commission be constituted every five years (or earlier) to recommend: (1) Distribution of net tax proceeds between Union and States, (2) Principles for grants-in-aid to States, (3) Measures to augment State Consolidated Funds for Panchayats/Municipalities. The 15th Finance Commission covered 2021-26.
The 'Guillotine' in Parliament refers to the closure of discussion on demands for grants and putting them to vote after the allotted time, as per Rule ______ of Lok Sabha Rules.
Answer: 173
Rule 173 of Lok Sabha Rules provides for the 'Guillotine' procedure. When time allocated for discussing Demands for Grants expires, the Speaker puts all pending demands to vote immediately without further discussion. This ensures the Budget is passed before the financial year ends (March 31).
Articles 379-392 contained temporary and transitional provisions for the first Parliament, provisional President, etc., and most of these provisions ceased to have effect after the first general elections in ______.
- 1950
- 1951-52
- 1957
- 1962
Answer: 1951-52
Articles 379-392 (Part XXI, Temporary Provisions): Enabled transitional arrangements: provisional Parliament (constituent assembly members), provisional President (Rajendra Prasad), adaptation of laws, etc. Most provisions ceased after first general elections (1951-52) and first Parliament constituted (1952). Illustrates Constitution's pragmatic approach: temporary mechanisms to ensure smooth transition to full constitutional democracy.
Under Article 338, a National Commission for Scheduled Castes is constituted to investigate and monitor safeguards for SCs, and its report is laid before ______.
- President only
- Parliament only
- President and Parliament
- State Legislatures only
Answer: President and Parliament
Article 338 (inserted by 65th Amendment, 1990; restructured by 89th Amendment, 2003): National Commission for SCs investigates/monitors safeguards, inquires into complaints, advises on planning, reports to President annually/specially. President lays reports before Parliament with action-taken memorandum. Similar provision for STs under Article 338A. Ensures institutional mechanism for marginalized communities' rights protection.
Under Article 393, the Union of India succeeds to all property, assets, rights, liabilities, and obligations of the ______ immediately before the commencement of the Constitution.
- British Crown
- Dominion of India
- Provincial Governments
- Princely States
Answer: Dominion of India
Article 393: Union succeeds to property, assets, rights, liabilities, obligations of Dominion of India (and each Province/Corresponding Indian State) as they existed immediately before Constitution commencement. Ensures legal continuity: contracts, debts, property titles, international obligations continue uninterrupted despite constitutional transformation. Foundation for state succession principles in Indian constitutional law.
Article 395 repeals the ______ and the Indian Independence Act, 1947, marking the complete transition to constitutional sovereignty.
- Government of India Act, 1919
- Government of India Act, 1935
- Indian Councils Act, 1909
- Regulating Act, 1773
Answer: Government of India Act, 1935
Article 395: Repeals Government of India Act, 1935 and Indian Independence Act, 1947. Subject to Articles 392 (transitional provisions) and 393-394 (succession to rights/liabilities). Marks legal break from colonial framework; Constitution becomes supreme law. However, many administrative structures, legal principles from 1935 Act continue by adoption, ensuring continuity amid constitutional transformation.
Article 371D empowers the ______ to issue orders for equitable opportunities for people of different regions of Andhra Pradesh in public employment and education.
- Supreme Court
- President
- Governor
- Parliament
Answer: President
Article 371D (inserted by 32nd Amendment, 1973): President may by order provide for equitable opportunities/facilities for people of different regions of Andhra Pradesh in public employment/education. Implemented via Presidential Orders (1975) creating local cadres, reservation for locals. Continues to apply to Telangana post-bifurcation (2014). Addresses regional imbalances within States through constitutional mechanism.
Under Article 102(1)(e), a person is disqualified for Parliament membership if they are so disqualified by or under any law made by ______.
- President
- Parliament
- Supreme Court
- Election Commission
Answer: Parliament
Article 102(1)(e) (Parliament) and Article 191(1)(e) (State Legislatures): Disqualification if so disqualified by or under any law made by Parliament. Representation of People Act, 1951 specifies disqualifications: (a) Conviction for certain offences, (b) Corrupt practices, (c) Government contracts, (d) Office of profit. Enables legislative flexibility to update disqualification criteria while maintaining constitutional framework.
Under Article 344, the Official Language Commission's recommendations are examined by a Committee of Parliament consisting of 30 members, of which ______ are from Lok Sabha.
- 10
- 15
- 20
- 25
Answer: 20
Article 344(4)-(5): Official Language Commission's report examined by Committee of Parliament on Official Language: 30 members (20 from Lok Sabha, 10 from Rajya Sabha) elected by proportional representation. Committee examines Commission's recommendations and reports to President. Ensures parliamentary oversight of language policy while promoting Hindi progressively without imposing on non-Hindi States.
Article 330 provides for reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the ______.
- Rajya Sabha
- Lok Sabha
- State Legislative Councils
- Local Bodies
Answer: Lok Sabha
Article 330: Reservation of seats for SCs/STs in Lok Sabha in proportion to their population in each State. Article 332 provides similar reservation in State Legislative Assemblies. Originally for 10 years (Article 334), extended repeatedly via constitutional amendments; currently extended till 2030 by 104th Amendment (2019). Ensures political representation of marginalized communities.
Under Article 29(1), any section of citizens residing in India having a distinct language, script, or culture has the right to ______ the same.
- promote
- conserve
- impose
- replace
Answer: conserve
Article 29(1): Cultural-educational right: Any section of citizens with distinct language/script/culture has right to conserve the same. Applies to minorities AND majority groups. Protects linguistic/cultural diversity against homogenization. Complements Article 30 (minority educational institutions). Foundation of India's pluralistic constitutional identity.
Article 371D provides for equitable opportunities for people of different regions of Andhra Pradesh in public employment and education through ______.
- reservations
- quotas
- local area preferences
- merit-based selection
Answer: local area preferences
Article 371D (Andhra Pradesh): President may order equitable opportunities for people of different regions in public employment/education through local area preferences. Implemented via Presidential Orders (1975) creating local cadres, reservation in jobs/education for locals. Addresses regional imbalances; similar provisions debated for other States with regional disparities.
Under Article 346, the language for communication between one State and another, or between a State and the Union, shall be ______, unless States agree to use Hindi.
- Hindi
- English
- Regional language
- Sanskrit
Answer: English
Article 346: Language for communication: (a) Between States: English, unless both agree to use Hindi, (b) Between State and Union: English. Ensures smooth inter-governmental communication despite linguistic diversity. Practical arrangement acknowledging Hindi's limited penetration in non-Hindi States while promoting its progressive use.
Article 371A provides special protection to Nagaland: no Act of Parliament on religious/social practices, Naga customary law, civil/criminal justice involving customary law, or land ownership shall apply to Nagaland unless the ______ decides by resolution.
- Governor
- Chief Minister
- Legislative Assembly
- Tribal Council
Answer: Legislative Assembly
Article 371A (Nagaland): Parliament laws on: (a) religious/social practices, (b) Naga customary law/procedure, (c) civil/criminal justice involving customary law, (d) land ownership/transfer, shall not apply to Nagaland unless Nagaland Legislative Assembly so decides by resolution. Protects Naga identity and autonomy; model for tribal protection in Constitution.
The Sixth Schedule provides for autonomous district councils and regional councils for administration of tribal areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and ______.
- Mizoram
- Nagaland
- Manipur
- Arunachal Pradesh
Answer: Mizoram
Sixth Schedule: Autonomous District Councils (ADCs) and Regional Councils for tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram. ADCs have legislative, judicial, administrative powers over: land, forests, agriculture, village administration, inheritance, marriage, social customs. Enables tribal self-governance while remaining within State/Union framework. Unique model of asymmetric federalism.
Article 371J, inserted by the 118th Constitutional Amendment (though not enacted), was proposed to provide special provisions for the ______ region of Karnataka.
- Coastal
- North Karnataka
- Hyderabad-Karnataka
- Malnad
Answer: Hyderabad-Karnataka
Article 371J (proposed): Special provisions for Hyderabad-Karnataka region (6 districts) for: (a) Reservation in education/government jobs for locals, (b) Dedicated development board, (c) Financial allocation for backward region. Though 118th Amendment Bill lapsed, similar provisions implemented via Presidential Order under Article 371(1). Addresses regional imbalances within States.