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The philosophical doctrine of 'Ahimsa Paramo Dharma' is central to ______.
Answer: Jainism
'Ahimsa Paramo Dharma' (non-violence is the supreme duty) is a core principle of Jainism. Jains practice strict non-violence towards all living beings, influencing Indian culture and Gandhi's philosophy. [[30]]
The first general elections in independent India were held in ______.
Answer: 1951-52
India's first general elections were held in 1951-52, with over 173 million eligible voters. The Indian National Congress won a majority, and Nehru continued as Prime Minister. [[1]]
The 'Direct Action Day' called by the Muslim League was observed on ______, 1946.
Answer: August 16
Direct Action Day (August 16, 1946) called by the Muslim League led to massive communal riots in Calcutta, killing thousands. It marked the point of no return toward Partition. [[1]]
The Moplah Rebellion (1921) took place in the ______ district of Kerala.
Answer: Malabar
The Moplah Rebellion (1921) occurred in Malabar district, Kerala, among Muslim tenant farmers against Hindu landlords and British authorities. It began as part of the Khilafat-Non-Cooperation Movement but turned communal. [[30]]
The Berlin Committee for Indian Independence was formed during ______.
Answer: World War I
The Berlin Committee (1915) was formed by Indian revolutionaries in Germany during WWI, with support from the German government. It aimed to secure German aid for India's independence struggle. [[1]]
The 'Constructive Programme' of Gandhi included promotion of ______, removal of untouchability, and basic education.
Answer: khadi
Gandhi's Constructive Programme emphasized khadi spinning, village industries, Hindu-Muslim unity, removal of untouchability, prohibition, and basic education (Nai Talim) as means of social transformation. [[30]]
Bal Gangadhar Tilak started the Ganapati Festival and ______ to mobilize masses.
Answer: Shivaji Jayanti
Tilak used Ganapati Festival and Shivaji Jayanti celebrations to foster national pride and unity against British rule. These cultural events became platforms for political mobilization in Maharashtra. [[1]]
The Indian National Congress was founded at ______ in 1885.
Answer: Bombay
The Indian National Congress was founded in December 1885 at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay. W.C. Banerjee was its first president, and 72 delegates attended the inaugural session. [[30]]
The Indian Councils Act of 1909 is also known as the ______ Reforms.
Answer: Morley-Minto
The Indian Councils Act 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms) introduced separate electorates for Muslims, expanding legislative councils and allowing limited Indian participation in governance. [[1]]
The Maratha military strategy of swift raids and retreats was known as ______.
Answer: Ganimi Kava
Ganimi Kava (guerrilla warfare) was Shivaji's military strategy using terrain knowledge, surprise attacks, and quick retreats. It enabled the Marathas to effectively challenge larger Mughal forces. [[1]]
The Mughal emperor who established the 'Din-i-Ilahi' was ______.
Answer: Akbar
Akbar promulgated Din-i-Ilahi (Divine Faith) in 1582, a syncretic religion blending elements of Islam, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, and Christianity. It had few followers and declined after Akbar's death. [[1]]
The 'Iqta' system in the Delhi Sultanate was a form of ______ assignment.
Answer: land revenue
The Iqta system assigned land revenue collection rights to military officers (Iqtadars) in lieu of salary. Iqtadars maintained troops and remitted surplus revenue to the central treasury. [[30]]
The famous bronze Nataraja statue represents Lord Shiva as the cosmic ______.
Answer: dancer
The Chola bronze Nataraja depicts Shiva as the cosmic dancer performing the Tandava, symbolizing creation, preservation, and destruction. These sculptures are masterpieces of Chola art and metallurgy. [[1]]
The land grant system during the Gupta period was known as ______.
Answer: Agrahara
Agrahara grants were land donations to Brahmins and temples during the Gupta period. These grants were tax-free and hereditary, leading to the growth of self-sufficient village economies. [[30]]
The famous Gandhara school of art flourished under the patronage of the ______.
Answer: Kushanas
The Gandhara school of art (1st-3rd century CE) flourished under Kushana patronage, blending Greco-Roman and Indian styles. It produced the first anthropomorphic images of Buddha. [[1]]
The classical dance form ______ originated in Andhra Pradesh and is known for its fast footwork and sculpturesque poses.
Answer: Kuchipudi
Kuchipudi originated in the village of Kuchipudi in Andhra Pradesh. It combines dance and drama, with performers often singing while dancing. It is known for quick footwork and expressive abhinaya. [[30]]
C.V. Raman won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for the discovery of the ______ Effect.
Answer: Raman
Sir C.V. Raman won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for discovering the Raman Effect – the scattering of light that reveals molecular structure. He was the first Asian to win a Nobel Prize in science. [[1]]
World War II ended in the year ______.
Answer: 1945
World War II ended in 1945 with Germany's surrender in May (V-E Day) and Japan's surrender in September after atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The war resulted in the creation of the United Nations. [[1]]
The Radcliffe Line demarcated the boundary between India and ______.
Answer: Pakistan
The Radcliffe Line, named after Cyril Radcliffe, demarcated the boundary between India and Pakistan during Partition in 1947. Its hurried drawing caused massive displacement and communal violence. [[30]]
Subhash Chandra Bose gave the slogan '______' to motivate the INA.
Answer: Jai Hind
Subhash Chandra Bose popularized the slogan 'Jai Hind' (Victory to India) and 'Delhi Chalo' to motivate the Indian National Army. These slogans became rallying cries for India's freedom struggle. [[1]]