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The Wiechert-Gutenberg discontinuity is another name for the core-mantle boundary.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Wiechert-Gutenberg discontinuity (commonly called Gutenberg discontinuity) at about 2,900 km depth marks the boundary between Earth's mantle and outer core. Named after seismologists Emil Wiechert and Beno Gutenberg.
The Rajmahal Hills are located in Jharkhand.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Rajmahal Hills are located in Jharkhand, formed by volcanic activity during the Jurassic period. They are part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau and are rich in coal and other minerals. The hills are named after the town of Rajmahal.
The Andes is the longest mountain range in the world.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Andes in South America is the longest continental mountain range in the world, stretching about 7,000 km along the western coast. It passes through seven countries and includes Aconcagua, the highest peak outside Asia.
India is the largest producer of okra (bhindi) in the world.
- True
- False
Answer: True
India is the largest producer of okra (bhindi) globally, contributing about 60% of world production. Major producing states are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Andhra Pradesh. Okra is a warm-season vegetable rich in fiber and vitamins.
India's standard meridian (82.5°E) passes through Uttar Pradesh.
- True
- False
Answer: True
India's standard meridian (82.5°E) passes through Mirzapur near Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh. This longitude is used to define Indian Standard Time (IST), which is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of GMT. A single time zone is used across India.
The Repetti discontinuity is within the Earth's mantle.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Repetti discontinuity, at about 660 km depth, marks a boundary within the Earth's mantle separating the upper and lower mantle. It is characterized by changes in mineral structure due to increasing pressure. Named after seismologist L. Repetti.
The Garo, Khasi, and Jaintia Hills are part of the Eastern Himalayas.
- True
- False
Answer: False
The Garo, Khasi, and Jaintia Hills are part of the Meghalaya Plateau, which is an extension of the Peninsular Plateau, not the Eastern Himalayas. These hills receive some of the world's highest rainfall and are known for living root bridges.
The Great Barrier Reef is located off the coast of Australia.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Great Barrier Reef is located off the northeastern coast of Queensland, Australia. It is the world's largest coral reef system (2,300 km long) and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It faces threats from climate change and coral bleaching.
India is the largest producer of millets in the world.
- True
- False
Answer: True
India is the largest producer of millets globally, contributing about 40% of world production. Major millets include jowar, bajra, and ragi. The UN declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets, recognizing India's leadership in millet cultivation.
The Deccan Traps are volcanic rock formations in peninsular India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Deccan Traps are extensive volcanic rock formations in western and central India, formed by massive lava flows about 66 million years ago. They cover parts of Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh. The black soil of this region is derived from these traps.
Alluvial soil is the most widespread soil type in India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Alluvial soil covers about 40% of India's land area, making it the most widespread soil type. It is found in the Indo-Gangetic plains, Brahmaputra Valley, and coastal regions. It is highly fertile and suitable for diverse crops.
The thermosphere is the layer where satellites orbit Earth.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The thermosphere (85-600 km altitude) is where most satellites orbit Earth, including the International Space Station. Temperatures rise sharply here due to absorption of solar radiation. The auroras (Northern/Southern Lights) also occur in this layer.
The Equator passes through Africa, Asia, and South America.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Equator passes through 13 countries across three continents: Africa (7 countries), Asia (Indonesia, Maldives), and South America (3 countries). It divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
The 'Loo' is a hot, dry wind that blows over North India in summer.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The 'Loo' is a strong, hot, and dry wind that blows over North India (especially Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, UP) during May-June. It can cause heatstroke and dehydration. It originates from the Thar Desert region.
The Arctic Ocean is the only ocean located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Arctic Ocean is the only ocean located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere, surrounding the North Pole. It is the smallest and shallowest ocean, largely covered by sea ice. Other oceans span both hemispheres.
The Conrad discontinuity is within the continental crust.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Conrad discontinuity is a boundary within the continental crust separating the upper granitic layer from the lower basaltic layer. It is not as globally consistent as the Moho. Named after seismologist Victor Conrad.
The Pir Panjal Range is part of the Lesser Himalayas.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Pir Panjal Range is part of the Lesser Himalayas (Middle Himalayas) in Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. It includes the famous Banihal Pass and Jawahar Tunnel. The range separates the Jammu region from the Kashmir Valley.
The Strait of Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Strait of Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. It is a critical chokepoint for global oil trade, with about 20% of the world's oil passing through. It lies between Iran and Oman/UAE.
India is the largest producer of cauliflower in the world.
- True
- False
Answer: True
India is the largest producer of cauliflower globally, contributing about 35% of world production. Major producing states are Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal. Cauliflower is a cool-season crop grown mainly in Rabi season.
India has three biodiversity hotspots: Himalayas, Western Ghats, and Indo-Burma.
- True
- False
Answer: True
India encompasses three of the world's 36 biodiversity hotspots: the Himalayas, Western Ghats-Sri Lanka, and Indo-Burma regions. These areas have high species richness and endemism but face significant habitat loss, requiring conservation priority.