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Stablecoins are cryptocurrencies pegged to stable assets like fiat currency or commodities.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Stablecoins (USDT, USDC) maintain value via reserves or algorithms. Used for trading, remittances, DeFi. Regulatory focus: reserve transparency, redemption rights, systemic risk. Critical for crypto ecosystem understanding.
Wholesale CBDC (e₹-W) is designed for interbank settlements and financial market infrastructure.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Wholesale CBDC enables real-time gross settlement between banks, central counterparties, and financial institutions. Improves efficiency, reduces counterparty risk, and enables new financial products.
FATF recommendations require Virtual Asset Service Providers to implement AML/CFT measures.
- True
- False
Answer: True
FATF (Financial Action Task Force) Travel Rule requires VASPs to share sender/receiver information for crypto transactions above threshold. India aligns regulations with FATF standards for anti-money laundering.
India's Central Bank Digital Currency (e₹) is a digital form of legal tender issued by RBI.
- True
- False
Answer: True
e₹ (e-Rupee) is RBI-issued digital token representing sovereign currency. Two types: retail (e₹-R) for public transactions via wallets, wholesale (e₹-W) for interbank settlements. Built on distributed ledger technology.
Green hydrogen produced via electrolysis using renewable electricity has zero carbon emissions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Green hydrogen (renewable-powered electrolysis) produces only water as byproduct. Critical for decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors: steel, cement, shipping. India's National Green Hydrogen Mission targets production leadership.
Reusable launch vehicles reduce space access costs by enabling multiple flights of same hardware.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Reusable rockets (SpaceX Falcon 9, ISRO RLV-TD) recover and refurbish boosters, reducing launch costs by 30-70%. Critical for sustainable space economy and frequent satellite deployments.
Chandrayaan-3's successful landing near Moon's south pole enables study of water ice deposits.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Moon's south pole has permanently shadowed craters with water ice, valuable for future lunar bases (life support, rocket fuel). Chandrayaan-3's Pragyan rover analyzed soil composition. Critical for space resource questions.
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations provide lower latency than geostationary satellites for internet services.
- True
- False
Answer: True
LEO satellites (~500-2000 km altitude) have lower propagation delay (~20-50ms) vs GEO (~35,786 km, ~250ms latency). Critical for real-time applications: video calls, gaming, financial trading.
Quantum supremacy means quantum computers can solve all practical problems faster than classical computers.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Quantum supremacy (Google 2019) demonstrated solving a specific contrived problem faster than classical supercomputers. It does NOT mean universal superiority. Most practical problems still favor classical computers.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic security based on quantum physics principles.
- True
- False
Answer: True
QKD uses no-cloning theorem and measurement disturbance to detect eavesdropping during key exchange. Provides provable security unlike computational security of RSA/ECC. Deployed in limited networks globally.
India's #AIforAll strategy emphasizes inclusive growth across healthcare, agriculture, and education.
- True
- False
Answer: True
#AIforAll (NITI Aayog) focuses on leveraging AI for social empowerment: AI for farmers, teachers, doctors. Balances innovation with ethics, inclusion, and national interest. Critical for AI policy questions.
The DPDP Act 2023 requires automated decision-making systems to provide explanations for significant decisions affecting individuals.
- True
- False
Answer: True
DPDP Act mandates transparency in automated decisions: individuals have right to explanation for decisions affecting rights, benefits, or obligations. Aligns with global standards like GDPR Article 22.
Algorithmic accountability requires organizations to document and justify AI decision-making processes.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Algorithmic accountability mandates transparency in AI: documenting data sources, model design, testing, and decision logic. Enables auditing, bias detection, and redressal. Supported by DPDP Act and sectoral guidelines.
Cloud security posture management (CSPM) tools continuously monitor for misconfigurations and compliance violations.
- True
- False
Answer: True
CSPM automates detection/remediation of cloud misconfigurations: public storage, weak IAM, unencrypted data. Critical for preventing cloud breaches.
Strangler Fig pattern enables gradual migration from monolithic to microservices architecture.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Strangler Fig incrementally replaces monolith features with microservices behind API gateway. Reduces risk vs big-bang rewrite. Critical for legacy modernization questions.
The e-Taal portal provides real-time statistics on e-governance transactions across government departments.
- True
- False
Answer: True
e-Taal (Electronic Transaction Aggregation and Analysis Layer) aggregates transaction data from government portals for monitoring and decision-making. Critical for digital governance analytics.
The concept of 'frugal innovation' develops affordable, accessible solutions for resource-constrained environments.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Frugal innovation (Jugaad) emphasizes simplicity, affordability, and sustainability. India's strength in healthcare, agriculture, and fintech. Critical for inclusive development questions.
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) reduces dependency on proprietary hardware by running network functions as software.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NFV virtualizes firewalls, load balancers, routers on commodity servers. Enables agility, cost reduction, and innovation. Critical for telecom modernization questions.
Secrets management tools securely store and rotate credentials, API keys, and certificates.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Secrets managers (HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager) encrypt, access-control, and auto-rotate secrets. Critical for preventing credential leaks and compliance.
Saga pattern manages distributed transactions across microservices using compensating actions for rollback.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Saga breaks transactions into local steps with compensating actions for failures. Avoids distributed locks. Critical for consistency in microservices architectures.