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The Deccan Riots of 1875 were directed against moneylenders.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Deccan Riots (1875) in Maharashtra were peasant uprisings against exploitative moneylenders (sahukars) who charged exorbitant interest rates. The government responded with the Deccan Agriculturists' Relief Act, 1879. [[30]]
Birsa Munda led the Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan) in the late 19th century.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Birsa Munda (1875-1900) led the Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan) in the Chotanagpur region against British land policies and missionary activities. He is revered as 'Dharti Aba' (Father of the Earth) by tribal communities. [[1]]
The Press Act of 1910 gave the government powers to seize seditious publications.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Indian Press Act of 1910, enacted during Lord Minto's tenure, empowered authorities to demand security deposits from newspapers and confiscate presses publishing 'seditious' material. [[1]]
The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was enacted to curb nationalist criticism in Indian language newspapers.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Vernacular Press Act (1878), introduced by Lord Lytton, allowed the government to confiscate printing presses and seize publications of Indian language newspapers deemed seditious. It was repealed by Lord Ripon in 1881. [[30]]
The Hunter Commission (1882) focused on primary and secondary education reforms.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Hunter Commission (1882), chaired by William Wilson Hunter, reviewed the progress of education since Wood's Despatch. It emphasized expanding primary education and encouraging private enterprise in education. [[30]]
The Wood's Despatch of 1854 is considered the 'Magna Carta of English Education in India'.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Charles Wood's Despatch (1854) recommended establishing universities, promoting female education, and introducing a graded school system. It laid the foundation for modern education in India. [[1]]
Lord Canning was the Governor-General during the Revolt of 1857.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Lord Canning served as Governor-General (1856-58) and became the first Viceroy of India (1858-62) after the Government of India Act 1858 transferred power from the Company to the Crown. [[1]]
Lord Dalhousie introduced the Doctrine of Lapse.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Lord Dalhousie (1848-56) introduced the Doctrine of Lapse, annexing princely states like Satara, Jhansi, and Nagpur that lacked a natural male heir. This policy fueled resentment leading to the 1857 Revolt. [[30]]
The Battle of Wandiwash (1760) decisively ended French military power in India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Battle of Wandiwash (January 22, 1760) saw British forces under Sir Eyre Coote defeat the French under Comte de Lally. This victory effectively ended French military ambitions in India. [[30]]
The Battle of Plassey (1757) was part of the Third Carnatic War.
- True
- False
Answer: False
The Battle of Plassey (1757) occurred after the Carnatic Wars. The Third Carnatic War (1756-63) ended with the Treaty of Paris (1763), which confirmed British supremacy over the French in India. [[1]]
The British East India Company was granted a royal charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1600.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Queen Elizabeth I granted a royal charter to the British East India Company on December 31, 1600, giving it a monopoly on English trade with the East Indies for 15 years. [[1]]
The Portuguese established their first factory in India at Calicut.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Though Vasco da Gama first landed at Calicut (1498), the Portuguese established their first factory at Cochin (Kochi) in 1503. Calicut's Zamorin was hostile to Portuguese trade ambitions. [[30]]
The Sikh Empire was established by Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1799.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Maharaja Ranjit Singh captured Lahore in 1799 and established the Sikh Empire. He unified the Misls, modernized the army, and ruled with religious tolerance until his death in 1839. [[1]]
Guru Arjan Dev compiled the Adi Granth, the holy scripture of Sikhism.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Guru Arjan Dev (1563-1606) compiled the Adi Granth (later Guru Granth Sahib) in 1604, installing it at the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) in Amritsar. He was the first Sikh Guru to be martyred. [[30]]
The Ashta Pradhan was the council of eight ministers in Shivaji's administration.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Shivaji established the Ashta Pradhan (Council of Eight) to administer his kingdom. Key positions included Peshwa (Prime Minister), Amatya (Finance), and Senapati (Commander-in-Chief). [[1]]
The Third Battle of Panipat (1761) was fought between the Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Third Battle of Panipat (January 14, 1761) saw the Maratha forces led by Sadashiv Rao Bhau defeated by Ahmad Shah Abdali's Afghan army. This halted Maratha expansion northward and weakened their power. [[30]]
The Gol Gumbaz in Bijapur has the second-largest pre-modern dome in the world.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Gol Gumbaz (1656), the mausoleum of Muhammad Adil Shah in Bijapur, features a dome with a diameter of 44 meters – the second-largest pre-modern dome after St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Its whispering gallery is famous. [[30]]
Amir Khusrau is credited with inventing the tabla and sitar.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Amir Khusrau (1253-1325), a Sufi poet and musician in the Delhi Sultanate, is traditionally credited with developing the tabla, sitar, and qawwali, blending Persian and Indian musical traditions. [[1]]
The Ellora Caves contain monuments of three religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Ellora Caves (6th-10th century CE) showcase religious harmony with 12 Buddhist, 17 Hindu, and 5 Jain caves carved from a single basalt cliff. The Kailasa Temple (Cave 16) is the world's largest monolithic structure. [[30]]
Aryabhata calculated the value of pi (π) as 3.1416.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Aryabhata (476-550 CE) calculated pi as 3.1416 in his work Aryabhatiya. He also proposed that Earth rotates on its axis and revolves around the Sun, centuries before Copernicus. [[30]]