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'Carbon Pricing' mechanisms, such as carbon taxes or emissions trading systems, internalize the social cost of carbon emissions to incentivize reduction.
- True
- False
Answer: True
By putting a price on carbon, these market-based instruments encourage emitters to adopt cleaner technologies and practices, generating revenue that can fund climate action.
'ESG Investing' considers Environmental, Social, and Governance factors alongside financial returns in investment decisions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
ESG integration helps investors identify risks and opportunities related to sustainability, promoting long-term value creation and responsible corporate behavior.
'Design for Disassembly' enables products to be easily taken apart at end-of-life, facilitating repair, reuse, and material recovery.
- True
- False
Answer: True
This design principle supports circularity by using modular components, standardized fasteners, and material labeling to streamline maintenance and recycling processes.
'Product-as-a-Service' business models, where companies retain ownership and lease products, can incentivize durability and resource efficiency.
- True
- False
Answer: True
When manufacturers maintain product ownership, they benefit from designing longer-lasting, repairable items and recovering materials at end-of-life, aligning economic and environmental goals.
'Industrial Symbiosis' involves waste or by-products from one industry becoming raw materials for another, enhancing resource efficiency.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Industrial symbiosis, exemplified by Kalundborg in Denmark, creates collaborative networks that reduce waste, lower costs, and minimize environmental impacts across sectors.
Feedback on resource consumption (e.g., real-time energy use displays) can help individuals adjust behavior to reduce environmental impact.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Timely, salient feedback makes abstract consumption tangible, enabling behavior change through increased awareness and goal-setting for conservation.
The 'Tragedy of the Horizon' refers to the challenge that the worst impacts of climate change lie beyond typical decision-making timeframes, reducing urgency for action.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Coined by Mark Carney, this concept highlights how short-term political and business cycles conflict with the long-term nature of climate risks, hindering preventive action.
Social norms and peer influence can significantly encourage individuals to adopt environmentally friendly practices.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Behavioral interventions leveraging descriptive and injunctive norms (what others do/approve) can effectively promote actions like energy conservation and waste reduction.
Deep-sea mining for polymetallic nodules poses risks to unique benthic ecosystems that are poorly understood and slow to recover.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Mining activities on the ocean floor can destroy habitats, release sediment plumes, and disrupt deep-sea biodiversity, raising concerns about sustainable resource extraction.
Light pollution from urban areas can disrupt nocturnal wildlife behavior, bird migration, and human circadian rhythms.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Excessive artificial light at night interferes with natural light-dark cycles, affecting animal navigation, reproduction, and plant phenology, while also impacting human health.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment is exacerbated by the discharge of pharmaceutical waste and antibiotic use in agriculture.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Environmental contamination with antibiotics selects for resistant bacteria, which can transfer resistance genes to pathogens, posing a global public health threat.
The 'Van Panchayat' system in Uttarakhand represents a traditional form of community forest management.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Van Panchayats are village-level institutions that manage local forests for sustainable use of fodder, fuelwood, and minor forest produce, recognized under state law.
The 'Kuhl' irrigation system of Himachal Pradesh is a community-managed traditional water channel system for agriculture.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Kuhls are gravity-fed channels that divert water from rivers to fields, managed collectively by villages, representing sustainable traditional water governance.
The 'Bishnoi' community of Rajasthan is renowned for their centuries-old tradition of protecting trees and wildlife.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Founded by Guru Jambheshwar in the 15th century, Bishnois follow 29 principles including strict conservation of flora and fauna, exemplified by the Khejarli sacrifice.
The 'Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action vs Union of India' case (1996) dealt with pollution from chemical industries in Rajasthan and established liability for environmental damage.
- True
- False
Answer: True
This case addressed groundwater contamination by chemical units in Bichhri, Rajasthan, and reinforced the Polluter Pays Principle for remediation costs.
The 'M.C. Mehta vs Union of India (Taj Trapezium Case)' led to measures for protecting the Taj Mahal from air pollution.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Supreme Court ordered industries in the Taj Trapezium Zone to switch to cleaner fuels or relocate, and mandated use of CNG for vehicles to prevent acid rain damage to the monument.
The 'T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad vs Union of India' case led to continuous Supreme Court monitoring of forest conservation in India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
This ongoing case since 1996 has resulted in significant judicial interventions for forest protection, including definitions of 'forest' and regulation of forest land diversion.
International Mountain Day is observed on December 11 to promote sustainable development in mountain regions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Designated by the UN, this day highlights the importance of mountains for biodiversity, water resources, climate regulation, and livelihoods of mountain communities.
World Soil Day is observed on December 5 to highlight the importance of healthy soil for sustainable agriculture and ecosystems.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Designated by the UN, World Soil Day promotes sustainable soil management practices to combat soil degradation and ensure food security.
International Day for Biological Diversity is celebrated on May 22 to promote awareness of biodiversity issues.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Designated by the UN, this day commemorates the adoption of the Convention on Biological Diversity and encourages action to protect species and ecosystems.