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Answer: True
Data minimization (DPDP Act, GDPR) limits collection to what's necessary for specified purpose. Reduces privacy risks, storage costs, and breach impact. Critical for responsible AI data practices.
Answer: FATF
Financial Action Task Force (FATF) sets global AML/CFT standards including Travel Rule for VASPs. Countries implement through domestic laws. Critical for cross-border crypto compliance.
Answer: Stake
Proof of Stake selects block validators proportional to staked coins, reducing energy consumption vs Proof of Work. Used by Ethereum, Cardano, Solana. Critical for understanding crypto sustainability.
Answer: Conditional Transfers
Programmable CBDC enables subsidies usable only for specific goods/services (food, education), preventing misuse while ensuring benefits reach intended purposes. Critical for social welfare efficiency.
Answer: False
India's crypto regulation is evolving: taxation (115BBH), AML (FIU registration), but comprehensive legislation pending. RBI, SEBI, MeitY coordinate on policy. Critical for understanding regulatory uncertainty.
Answer: All of these
Privacy techniques: Ring signatures obscure sender; Bulletproofs provide efficient range proofs; Confidential Transactions hide amounts using Pedersen commitments. Balance privacy with regulatory compliance.
Answer: Offline
Offline CBDC uses secure hardware (SE, TEE) to enable limited transactions without network. Critical for rural inclusion, disaster resilience, and areas with poor connectivity. Requires careful security design.
Answer: FIU-IND
Financial Intelligence Unit-India (FIU-IND) receives, analyzes, and disseminates financial intelligence including crypto transactions. VASPs must register and report suspicious activities under PMLA.
Answer: True
e₹-R pilot supports P2P and P2M transactions via QR codes, mobile apps, and offline mode. Integrates with existing payment infrastructure for seamless user experience. Critical for digital payment evolution.
Answer: All of these
Precision agriculture combines IoT soil sensors, satellite/drone imagery, and AI analytics to optimize input application. Reduces fertilizer overuse (N2O emissions) while maintaining yields. Critical for sustainable farming.
Answer: Consolidation
Server consolidation via virtualization reduces hardware, power, cooling requirements. Improves utilization from 10-15% to 60-80%. Critical for data center efficiency and cost reduction.
Answer: Clean Development Mechanism
CDM (Kyoto Protocol) enabled developed countries to invest in emission reduction projects in developing nations, earning Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). Evolving under Paris Agreement Article 6.
Answer: True
Net-zero requires balancing residual emissions with carbon removal: DAC (direct air capture), BECCS (bioenergy with CCS), enhanced weathering. Critical for hard-to-abate sectors and historical emissions.
Answer: All of these
Artemis Accords (2020) establish principles for lunar cooperation; Outer Space Treaty (1967) provides foundational law; Moon Agreement (1979) addresses resources (limited ratification). India signed Artemis Accords.
Answer: Rain
Rain attenuation affects Ka/Ku-band satellite signals, requiring adaptive coding, power control, and ground station diversity for reliable service. Critical for satellite network design and QoS planning.
Answer: Both A and B
RLV-TD program includes HEX01 (hypersonic flight, 2016) and LEX (Landing Experiment, 2023) demonstrating autonomous landing of winged body. Critical for cost-effective access to space.
Answer: True
Lattice-based schemes (CRYSTALS-Kyber, Dilithium) rely on hardness of lattice problems believed resistant to quantum algorithms. Selected by NIST for PQC standardization. Critical for future-proofing cryptographic systems.
Answer: Quantum Key Distribution
QKD uses quantum properties (no-cloning, measurement disturbance) to detect interception during key exchange. Provides information-theoretic security for encryption keys. Deployed in limited networks globally.
Answer: Model
Model Cards provide standardized documentation: intended use, training data characteristics, performance metrics across groups, ethical considerations. Enable informed deployment decisions and accountability.
Answer: All of these
Fair AI requires: representative datasets covering demographics, augmentation to address underrepresentation, and continuous bias auditing. Critical for equitable AI in hiring, lending, healthcare.