Technology – MCQ – GK Questions

Q: Which ISRO satellite series is dedicated to monitoring Earth's climate and environment?

EOS – EOS (Earth Observation Satellite) series includes satellites like EOS-01, EOS-03, EOS-04 for climate monitoring, agriculture, forestry, disaster management, and ocean studies. These satellites carry advanced sensors for multispectral, hyperspectral, and radar imaging to support sustainable development and environmental protection.

Q: Which initiative provides a common API framework for enabling credit flow to MSMEs using alternative data?

OCEN – OCEN (Open Credit Enablement Network) is a protocol that standardizes interactions between Lenders, Loan Service Providers (LSPs), and Account Aggregators. It enables MSMEs and individuals to access credit using digital footprints (cash flow, GST, UPI) instead of traditional collateral, promoting financial inclusion.

Q: Which CERT-In directive (2022) mandates service providers to report cyber incidents within 6 hours?

Direction 20 – CERT-In Direction 20 (April 2022) mandates service providers, intermediaries, and data centers to report cyber incidents within 6 hours of noticing. Also requires maintaining logs for 180 days, KYC for VPN users, and time synchronization. Aimed at improving incident response and threat intelligence sharing.

Q: Which Indian government cloud initiative provides secure cloud infrastructure for government departments?

MeghRaj (GI Cloud) – MeghRaj (GI Cloud) is India's government cloud initiative launched by MeitY to optimize ICT spending, ensure data sovereignty, and provide secure, scalable cloud services to government entities. It empanels certified cloud service providers and defines standards for security, interoperability, and portability.

Q: Which type of ransomware encrypts files and also exfiltrates data to threaten public release if ransom is not paid?

Double extortion ransomware – Double extortion ransomware combines file encryption with data theft. Attackers threaten to publish sensitive data if ransom isn't paid, increasing pressure on victims. This evolved tactic makes backups insufficient as a sole defense. Prevention requires DLP, encryption, network segmentation, and incident response planning.

Q: Which database index type is best suited for range queries like 'BETWEEN' or 'greater than'?

B-Tree Index – B-Tree indexes maintain sorted data and allow efficient range queries, equality searches, and ordered retrieval. Hash indexes are optimal only for exact match lookups. Bitmap indexes work well for low-cardinality columns. Inverted indexes are used in full-text search engines.