GK Questions

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Constitutional Morality has been invoked in emerging 'climate litigation' where citizens challenge government policies alleged to inadequately address climate change, recognizing right to a healthy environment as part of Article ______ and intergenerational equity as a constitutional principle.

  1. 14
  2. 19
  3. 21
  4. 48A
polity hard true_false

Constitutional Morality requires balancing technological innovation with rights protection, ensuring digital governance initiatives like Aadhaar, UPI, and DigiLocker incorporate safeguards for privacy, inclusion, and accountability.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium mcq

Constitutional Morality is reinforced by civil society organizations that file PILs, document violations, advocate for reforms, and facilitate access to justice. Which of the following is NOT a typical role of civil society in promoting Constitutional Morality?

  1. Filing public interest litigation for marginalized groups
  2. Replacing judicial functions by directly enforcing rights
  3. Documenting rights violations and providing evidence for judicial/legislative action
  4. Conducting awareness campaigns to empower citizens to claim rights
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The Supreme Court has evolved the concept of 'continuing mandamus' to monitor implementation of Constitutional Morality-based directions in public interest cases by keeping the writ petition ______ and issuing periodic directions to executive agencies.

  1. closed
  2. pending
  3. dismissed
  4. transferred
polity hard true_false

Constitutional Morality requires public officials to avoid conflicts of interest, including post-retirement employment that may compromise institutional independence, though the Constitution explicitly prohibits this only for specific offices like CAG and Election Commissioners.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

Constitutional Morality increasingly recognizes intersectional vulnerabilities (e.g., Dalit women, disabled LGBTQ+ persons) and interprets rights to address compounded discrimination. Which constitutional provision allows special provisions for women and children, which can be combined with provisions for SC/ST/OBC for intersectional protection?

  1. Article 14
  2. Article 15(3)
  3. Article 16(4)
  4. Article 21
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The Mahatma Gandhi NREGA, 2005 mandates ______ of works by Gram Sabhas to ensure transparency and accountability in implementation, reflecting Constitutional Morality's emphasis on participatory governance and citizen empowerment.

  1. financial audit
  2. social audit
  3. judicial review
  4. executive monitoring
polity hard true_false

In Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India (2020), the Supreme Court applied Constitutional Morality to hold that freedom of speech and expression over the internet is protected under Article 19(1)(a), and restrictions must satisfy proportionality test balancing security concerns with digital rights.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

Constitutional Morality acts as a check on majoritarian democracy by ensuring that laws and policies, even if supported by electoral majority, must comply with fundamental rights and constitutional values protecting minorities and individuals. Which case exemplifies this principle?

  1. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)
  2. Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)
  3. Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980)
  4. All of the above
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Public Interest Litigation (PIL), pioneered through S.P. Gupta case (1981), promotes Constitutional Morality by enabling courts to address systemic violations of rights affecting marginalized groups, relaxing the rule of ______ to allow public-spirited persons to file petitions.

  1. stare decisis
  2. locus standi
  3. natural justice
  4. separation of powers
polity medium true_false

Constitutional Morality has been interpreted by courts to include environmental ethics, requiring State to balance development with ecological sustainability for intergenerational justice.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

Constitutional Morality requires the State to not only tolerate but actively accommodate India's religious, linguistic, and cultural diversity as part of its constitutional identity. Which constitutional provision explicitly protects the right of any section of citizens to conserve their distinct language, script, or culture?

  1. Article 14
  2. Article 29(1)
  3. Article 30(1)
  4. Article 350
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Constitutional Morality requires that restrictions on fundamental rights must satisfy the ______ test: legitimate aim, rational connection, necessity (least restrictive alternative), and balancing of benefits versus harms.

  1. Wednesbury
  2. proportionality
  3. rational basis
  4. strict scrutiny
polity medium true_false

The Preamble's ideal of 'Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation' is operationalized through Constitutional Morality by requiring State action to respect individual dignity while promoting national unity.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

Constitutional Morality supports 'Transformative Constitutionalism' — using the Constitution as a tool for social change to achieve substantive equality and justice, not merely formal equality.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

Constitutional Morality requires protection of minority rights against majoritarian impulses. Which case exemplifies this principle by protecting religious minorities' right to manage their educational institutions?

  1. T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka (2002)
  2. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)
  3. Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980)
  4. Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975)
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Constitutional Morality requires that all state action must comply with the principle of ______, meaning no one is above the law and all actions must have legal authority and follow fair procedure.

  1. executive discretion
  2. rule of law
  3. parliamentary sovereignty
  4. majoritarian will
polity hard true_false

The Supreme Court has explicitly held that Constitutional Morality is part of the 'Basic Structure' of the Constitution that cannot be amended even by Parliament.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

In which case did the Supreme Court explicitly use Constitutional Morality to strike down a law criminalizing consensual same-sex relations, holding that constitutional values of dignity and equality override majoritarian social views?

  1. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)
  2. Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)
  3. SR Bommai v. Union of India (1994)
  4. Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980)
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Constitutional Morality emphasizes adherence to core constitutional values like liberty, equality, fraternity, rule of law, and ______ as guiding principles for governance and judicial interpretation.

  1. majoritarianism
  2. secularism
  3. centralization
  4. executive supremacy