GK Questions

Programs under Digital India promote rural startups: CSCs for service delivery, agri-tech incubators. Critical for inclusive innovation.

NIDHI-PRAYAS (DST) provides prototyping grants for deep tech startups in strategic sectors. Part of national innovation ecosystem.

Startup India offers 3-year income tax exemption, self-certification compliance, fast-track patent examination for DPIIT-recognized startups.

Technological sovereignty promotes domestic R&D, manufacturing, standards to reduce strategic dependencies. Critical for India's tech policy and security.

Yield farming/liquidity mining rewards users with tokens for providing liquidity to DEX pools. Critical DeFi incentive mechanism with impermanent loss risks.

Financial Intelligence Unit-India receives, analyzes, disseminates financial intelligence including crypto transactions. VASPs must register and report.

Neuromorphic chips use spiking neurons that fire only when needed, and event-driven computation that processes only changes. Critical for edge AI efficiency.

Protein computing uses biomolecular interactions for parallel computation. Research stage with potential for ultra-low power, massive parallelism.

Zero-Knowledge Proofs enable proving statements without revealing underlying data. Critical for privacy-preserving authentication and selective disclosure.

DP-SGD adds calibrated noise to gradients during training, providing differential privacy guarantees. Critical for privacy-preserving ML training.

Membership inference exploits model confidence scores to infer training data membership. Mitigation: differential privacy, regularization, output perturbation.

Data drift: input feature distribution changes; concept drift: relationship between features and target changes. Monitoring both enables timely model retraining.

Horizontal scaling adds more instances of stateless services to handle increased load. Contrasts with vertical scaling (upgrading instance size).

India Semiconductor Mission implements ₹76,000 crore incentive scheme for semiconductor fabs, display fabs, ATMP, design ecosystem.

Atal Tinkering Labs provide makerspaces with tools for students to innovate. Fosters creativity, problem-solving, entrepreneurship from school level.

OWASP ASVS provides security requirements and testing guidelines for web applications. Critical for secure software development lifecycle.

DeFi risks: smart contract bugs enable fund theft, oracle manipulation feeds false prices, impermanent loss affects liquidity providers. Critical for DeFi security understanding.

Neuromorphic chips achieve orders-of-magnitude better energy efficiency by mimicking brain's event-driven, sparse computation. Critical for edge AI and sustainable computing.

Quantum annealing uses quantum tunneling to find global minima in optimization landscapes. Suitable for logistics, finance, machine learning. Different from gate-based quantum computing.

Tokenization replaces sensitive values with format-preserving tokens, reversible via secure vault. Used in payments, healthcare for PCI-DSS compliance.