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Answer: True
Composting uses microorganisms to decompose organic matter aerobically, producing compost that improves soil fertility and structure.
Answer: Mandatory segregation of waste at source into biodegradable, recyclable, and domestic hazardous waste
Source segregation is fundamental to effective waste management, enabling recycling, composting, and safe disposal of different waste streams.
Answer: Developing early warning systems and heat action plans
Heat action plans include forecasts, public awareness, cooling centers, and healthcare preparedness to protect vulnerable populations.
Answer: True
Lead exposure, even at low levels, impairs cognitive development, reduces IQ, and causes behavioral problems in children.
Answer: Hearing loss and increased stress levels
Chronic noise exposure can cause permanent hearing damage, hypertension, sleep disturbance, and psychological stress.
Answer: 8
India's AQI is based on PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, NH3, and Pb, providing a comprehensive assessment of air quality.
Answer: Carbon monoxide
Incomplete combustion of biomass fuels releases CO, a colorless, odorless gas that reduces blood oxygen-carrying capacity, causing health hazards.
Answer: True
Chronic fluoride exposure causes dental fluorosis (tooth discoloration) and skeletal fluorosis (bone/joint damage), prevalent in parts of India.
Answer: Malaria
Climate change affects temperature and rainfall patterns, altering the geographic range and seasonality of malaria-transmitting mosquitoes.
Answer: Environment
One Health is a collaborative approach to achieve optimal health outcomes by recognizing links among people, animals, plants, and their shared environment.
Answer: True
Fine particles penetrate deep into lungs and bloodstream, causing asthma, bronchitis, heart attacks, and premature death.
Answer: Blackfoot disease
Blackfoot disease, a peripheral vascular disease, is linked to chronic arsenic exposure through contaminated drinking water, notably in West Bengal.
Answer: Port-led development through modernization, connectivity, and coastal community development
Sagarmala aims to harness India's coastline and waterways for economic growth while ensuring sustainable coastal management.
Answer: True
The Sundarbans, spanning India and Bangladesh, covers about 10,000 sq km and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Ramsar site.
Answer: Land-based activities and improper waste management
An estimated 80% of marine plastic originates from land via rivers, runoff, and inadequate waste disposal systems.
Answer: Dinoflagellate
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) by dinoflagellates can discolor water, produce toxins, and cause fish kills and human health issues.
Answer: Chilika Lake
Chilika Lake in Odisha was designated India's first Ramsar site in 1981 for its rich biodiversity and importance as a wetland habitat.
Answer: True
Lower pH reduces carbonate ion availability, making it harder for corals, mollusks, and plankton to build and maintain shells/skeletons.
Answer: Prohibiting new construction except for specific public utilities
CRZ-I includes ecologically sensitive areas where development is highly restricted to protect biodiversity and natural processes.
Answer: 4
CRZ-I to CRZ-IV classify areas based on ecological sensitivity, human settlements, and water areas to balance development and conservation.