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Answer: True
Green buildings use energy-efficient systems, sustainable materials, water conservation, and waste reduction strategies for lower ecological footprint.
Answer: Electric vehicles powered by renewable energy
EVs powered by clean electricity reduce tailpipe emissions and greenhouse gases, contributing to sustainable urban mobility.
Answer: Ensuring fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, or income in environmental decision-making
Environmental justice addresses disproportionate environmental burdens on marginalized communities and promotes inclusive, equitable policies.
Answer: True
PILs have enabled courts to address environmental degradation, protect ecosystems, and hold authorities accountable for environmental protection.
Answer: Weak enforcement of environmental laws and regulatory capture
Despite strong laws, implementation gaps, inadequate monitoring, and industry influence on regulators hinder effective environmental governance.
Answer: Future generations
Intergenerational equity is a core principle of sustainable development, ensuring resource conservation for the well-being of future people.
Answer: Formulating policies and laws for environment, forests, and wildlife conservation
MoEFCC is the nodal agency for planning, promoting, coordinating, and overseeing environmental and forestry programs in India.
Answer: True
NGT is a specialized judicial body for expeditious disposal of environmental cases, with powers akin to a civil court for evidence and procedure.
Answer: Precautionary Principle and Polluter Pays Principle as part of Indian environmental law
The Court held that these international environmental principles are part of customary international law and applicable in India.
Answer: 51A(g)
Article 51A(g) lists it as a fundamental duty for citizens to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife.
Answer: True
Judicial activism has expanded Article 21 to encompass environmental rights, making pollution-free air and water part of the fundamental right to life.
Answer: Article 48A
Article 48A (Directive Principles) mandates the State to protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife.
Answer: Informal sector integration and lack of segregation at source
Effective plastic waste management requires formalizing informal waste pickers and ensuring households segregate waste, which remains a challenge.
Answer: True
The 3Rs prioritize waste prevention (Reduce), extending product life (Reuse), and processing materials for new products (Recycle).
Answer: Autoclaving and incineration
Biomedical waste is treated by autoclaving (steam sterilization) or incineration to destroy pathogens before disposal, as per BMW Rules.
Answer: Open defecation and solid
SBM-U focuses on eliminating open defecation, improving solid waste management, and creating behavioral change for cleanliness.
Answer: Green
Green bins are designated for wet/biodegradable waste (food scraps, garden waste) to be composted or processed biologically.
Answer: True
Proper e-waste recycling recovers precious metals while preventing toxic substances from contaminating soil and water.
Answer: Requires large land area and long-term monitoring for leachate and methane
Landfills need significant space, liners, leachate collection, and gas management for decades after closure to prevent environmental contamination.
Answer: Recycling
Recycling reduces the need for raw material extraction, saves energy, and minimizes waste sent to landfills or incinerators.