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India's National Mission on Quantum Technologies allocates how much funding over 5 years?
- ₹1000 crore
- ₹5000 crore
- ₹8000 crore
- ₹15000 crore
Answer: ₹8000 crore
NM-QTA (2020) allocates ₹8000 crore for quantum computing, communication, sensing, and materials research. Implemented by DST with IITs, IISc participation. Critical for science policy questions.
Which physical system is NOT commonly used for implementing qubits?
- Superconducting circuits
- Trapped ions
- Classical transistors
- Photonic circuits
Answer: Classical transistors
Leading qubit implementations: superconducting (IBM, Google), trapped ions (IonQ), photonic (Xanadu). Classical transistors cannot maintain quantum coherence. Critical for understanding quantum hardware landscape.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic security based on quantum physics principles.
- True
- False
Answer: True
QKD uses no-cloning theorem and measurement disturbance to detect eavesdropping during key exchange. Provides provable security unlike computational security of RSA/ECC. Deployed in limited networks globally.
India's #AIforAll strategy emphasizes inclusive growth across healthcare, agriculture, and education.
- True
- False
Answer: True
#AIforAll (NITI Aayog) focuses on leveraging AI for social empowerment: AI for farmers, teachers, doctors. Balances innovation with ethics, inclusion, and national interest. Critical for AI policy questions.
Which privacy technique enables AI training without accessing raw personal data?
- Differential Privacy
- Federated Learning
- Synthetic Data
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Privacy-preserving AI: Differential Privacy adds noise to aggregates; Federated Learning trains on-device; Synthetic Data generates artificial datasets. All enable AI while protecting individual privacy.
The practice of regularly auditing AI systems for bias and performance is called AI ________.
Answer: Auditing / Assessment
AI Auditing involves systematic evaluation of models for fairness, accuracy, robustness, and compliance. Tools include bias detection frameworks, performance metrics, and third-party assessments. Critical for responsible AI deployment.
Which framework provides guidelines for trustworthy AI development adopted by India?
- OECD AI Principles
- UNESCO AI Ethics
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
India endorses OECD AI Principles (2019) and UNESCO Recommendation on AI Ethics (2021). Both emphasize human rights, transparency, accountability, and sustainability. Critical for AI governance questions.
The DPDP Act 2023 requires automated decision-making systems to provide explanations for significant decisions affecting individuals.
- True
- False
Answer: True
DPDP Act mandates transparency in automated decisions: individuals have right to explanation for decisions affecting rights, benefits, or obligations. Aligns with global standards like GDPR Article 22.
The AI approach that ensures humans can monitor and override automated decisions is called human ________.
Answer: in-the-loop
Human-in-the-loop (HITL) ensures human oversight of AI decisions, especially in high-stakes domains. Critical for accountability, error correction, and ethical compliance. Complements human-on-the-loop supervision.
Algorithmic accountability requires organizations to document and justify AI decision-making processes.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Algorithmic accountability mandates transparency in AI: documenting data sources, model design, testing, and decision logic. Enables auditing, bias detection, and redressal. Supported by DPDP Act and sectoral guidelines.
Which principle of Responsible AI ensures that AI systems do not discriminate against protected groups?
- Transparency
- Fairness
- Accountability
- Privacy
Answer: Fairness
Fairness in AI requires systems to avoid bias based on race, gender, caste, religion, etc. Techniques include bias detection metrics, diverse training data, and fairness-aware algorithms. Critical for ethical AI deployment in hiring, lending, and public services.
Which technique enables data subjects to request deletion of their personal data?
- Right to Access
- Right to Erasure
- Right to Portability
- Right to Correction
Answer: Right to Erasure
Right to Erasure (Right to be Forgotten) allows individuals to request deletion of personal data when no longer necessary or consent withdrawn. Critical for DPDP/GDPR compliance questions.
Cloud security posture management (CSPM) tools continuously monitor for misconfigurations and compliance violations.
- True
- False
Answer: True
CSPM automates detection/remediation of cloud misconfigurations: public storage, weak IAM, unencrypted data. Critical for preventing cloud breaches.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing Internet of Things (IoT) deployments?
- NIST IR 8259
- ETSI EN 303 645
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
NIST IR 8259 and ETSI EN 303 645 provide IoT security baselines: secure boot, updates, data protection. Critical for IoT security architecture questions.
The initiative for global cooperation on cybersecurity capacity building is called Global Cybersecurity ________.
Answer: Forum / Index
ITU Global Cybersecurity Index assesses national cybersecurity commitment; forums facilitate knowledge sharing. India ranks high in GCI. Critical for international cybersecurity questions.
Which certification validates expertise in artificial intelligence and machine learning engineering?
- Google Professional ML Engineer
- AWS ML Specialty
- Microsoft Azure AI Engineer
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Cloud AI certifications validate skills in model development, deployment, MLOps. Critical for AI/ML roles in growing Indian tech sector.
Strangler Fig pattern enables gradual migration from monolithic to microservices architecture.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Strangler Fig incrementally replaces monolith features with microservices behind API gateway. Reduces risk vs big-bang rewrite. Critical for legacy modernization questions.
Which database feature enables automatic detection and correction of data inconsistencies?
- Constraints
- Triggers
- Data Quality Rules
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Constraints enforce rules; triggers automate actions; DQ rules validate/clean data. Combined for data integrity. Critical for reliable analytics and compliance.
The protocol that enables secure remote access to network devices is called ________.
Answer: SSH
SSH (Secure Shell) encrypts remote command execution and file transfer, replacing insecure Telnet. Critical for secure network administration.
Which initiative supports deep tech startups in strategic sectors like defense and space?
- iDEX
- IN-SPACe
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
iDEX (Defence) and IN-SPACe (Space) provide funding, mentorship, and market access for startups in strategic domains. Critical for defense/space innovation questions.