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Which national park is famous for the clouded leopard?
- Namdapha
- Dibru-Saikhowa
- Mouling
- Pakke
Answer: Namdapha
Namdapha National Park in Arunachal Pradesh is a critical habitat for the endangered clouded leopard. It is the largest protected area in the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot and hosts four big cat species: tiger, leopard, snow leopard, and clouded leopard.
Which factor is responsible for the 'October Heat' in India?
- Retreating monsoon
- High humidity and temperature
- Western Disturbances
- El Niño
Answer: High humidity and temperature
October Heat occurs during the retreating monsoon (October-November) when clear skies and high humidity combine with warm temperatures, creating oppressive weather. It affects North and Central India before winter sets in.
Which is India's largest geothermal power potential region?
- Himalayas
- Puga Valley (Ladakh)
- Cambay Basin
- Godavari Basin
Answer: Puga Valley (Ladakh)
Puga Valley in Ladakh has India's highest geothermal power potential due to hot springs and geothermal gradients. The Geological Survey of India has identified several geothermal provinces. Geothermal energy is renewable and emission-free.
Which is the capital of Portugal?
- Barcelona
- Lisbon
- Madrid
- Rome
Answer: Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital and largest city of Portugal, located on the Atlantic coast at the mouth of the Tagus River. It is one of Europe's oldest cities, known for its historic trams, Fado music, and Age of Discovery heritage.
Which process is responsible for the formation of karst topography?
- Wind erosion
- Glacial action
- Chemical weathering of limestone
- Volcanic activity
Answer: Chemical weathering of limestone
Karst topography forms through chemical weathering (dissolution) of soluble rocks like limestone, dolomite, and gypsum by acidic rainwater. Features include caves, sinkholes, and underground rivers. Found in Meghalaya, India.
Which is the world's largest inland sea?
- Caspian Sea
- Black Sea
- Mediterranean Sea
- Red Sea
Answer: Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water (371,000 sq km), bordered by Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, and Azerbaijan. Despite its name, it is a lake with saline water. It is rich in oil, gas, and sturgeon (caviar).
Which river forms the Jog Falls?
- Sharavathi
- Kaveri
- Krishna
- Tungabhadra
Answer: Sharavathi
Jog Falls, one of India's highest plunge waterfalls (253 meters), is formed by the Sharavathi River in Karnataka. The falls have four distinct cascades: Raja, Rani, Rover, and Rocket. It is a major tourist attraction in the Western Ghats.
Which is the capital of Argentina?
- Santiago
- Buenos Aires
- Lima
- Montevideo
Answer: Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata. It is a major cultural and economic hub in South America, known for tango, European-style architecture, and vibrant nightlife.
Which Indian state is the largest producer of silk?
- Karnataka
- Andhra Pradesh
- West Bengal
- Tamil Nadu
Answer: Karnataka
Karnataka is the largest producer of silk in India, particularly Mulberry silk from Mysore. India is the second-largest silk producer globally after China. Sericulture provides livelihoods to rural communities, especially women.
Which river is known as the 'Danube of the East'?
- Mekong
- Irrawaddy
- Salween
- Chao Phraya
Answer: Mekong
The Mekong River is sometimes called the 'Danube of the East' due to its importance as a transboundary river in Southeast Asia. It flows through China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam, supporting agriculture and fisheries for millions.
Which type of forest is found in the Western Ghats?
- Tropical Evergreen
- Tropical Deciduous
- Thorn Forest
- Montane Forest
Answer: Tropical Evergreen
The Western Ghats feature Tropical Evergreen forests due to high rainfall (>200 cm annually). These forests remain green year-round and host high biodiversity including endemic species. They are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and biodiversity hotspot.
Which phenomenon is associated with the 'Madden-Julian Oscillation'?
- Monsoon variability
- El Niño
- Western Disturbances
- Cyclone formation
Answer: Monsoon variability
The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is an eastward-moving pattern of cloudiness and rainfall in the tropics that influences monsoon variability. It operates on a 30-60 day cycle and can enhance or suppress monsoon rainfall over India.
Which is India's first offshore oil field?
- Mumbai High
- Krishna-Godavari Basin
- Cauvery Basin
- Andaman Basin
Answer: Mumbai High
Mumbai High (formerly Bombay High) is India's first and largest offshore oil field, discovered in 1974. Located in the Arabian Sea, it contributes about 40% of India's domestic oil production. It is operated by ONGC.
Which is the capital of Turkey?
- Istanbul
- Ankara
- Izmir
- Bursa
Answer: Ankara
Ankara is the capital of Turkey, located in central Anatolia. It replaced Istanbul as the capital in 1923 after the Turkish War of Independence. Ankara is a major administrative and educational center, while Istanbul remains the largest city.
Which landform is created by wind erosion in deserts?
- Moraine
- Yardang
- Eskers
- Drumlin
Answer: Yardang
Yardangs are streamlined ridges carved by wind erosion in arid regions. They form parallel to prevailing winds and are common in deserts like the Sahara and Thar. Moraines, eskers, and drumlins are glacial landforms.
Which country has the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites?
- China
- Italy
- France
- Spain
Answer: Italy
Italy has the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites (59 as of 2024), including the Colosseum, Venice, and the Amalfi Coast. China is second with 57 sites. UNESCO sites are recognized for their cultural, historical, or natural significance.
Which sanctuary is famous for the endangered Pygmy Hog?
- Manas
- Kaziranga
- Nameri
- Pobitora
Answer: Manas
Manas National Park in Assam is a critical habitat for the critically endangered Pygmy Hog, the world's smallest wild pig. Conservation breeding programs have helped increase their numbers. Manas is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Which climate type is characterized by dry summers and wet winters?
- Tropical Monsoon
- Mediterranean
- Equatorial
- Continental
Answer: Mediterranean
Mediterranean climate is characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. It is found around the Mediterranean Sea, California, central Chile, South Africa's Cape region, and southwestern Australia. Suitable for olives, grapes, and citrus.
Which is the highest peak in North America?
- Mount Logan
- Mount McKinley (Denali)
- Mount Saint Elias
- Pico de Orizaba
Answer: Mount McKinley (Denali)
Denali (formerly Mount McKinley) in Alaska is the highest peak in North America at 6,190 meters. It is part of the Alaska Range and experiences extreme weather. The name 'Denali' means 'the high one' in the native Athabascan language.
Which port is located on the eastern coast of India and is known for iron ore exports?
- Paradip
- Visakhapatnam
- Chennai
- Tuticorin
Answer: Paradip
Paradip Port in Odisha is a major port on the eastern coast, primarily handling iron ore, coal, and fertilizers. It is located at the mouth of the Mahanadi River. Paradip is one of India's youngest major ports, commissioned in 1966.