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Which Indian state is the largest producer of sunflower?
- Karnataka
- Maharashtra
- Andhra Pradesh
- Telangana
Answer: Karnataka
Karnataka is the largest producer of sunflower in India, contributing about 30% of national production. Major sunflower-growing districts are Tumakuru, Chitradurga, and Davangere. Sunflower oil is a healthy cooking oil rich in vitamin E.
Which river is known as the 'River of Sorrows' in China?
- Yangtze
- Huang He (Yellow River)
- Mekong
- Pearl River
Answer: Huang He (Yellow River)
The Huang He (Yellow River) is called 'China's Sorrow' due to its history of catastrophic floods caused by silt deposition raising the riverbed. Massive dam projects like the Xiaolangdi Dam now help control flooding and generate hydropower.
Which sanctuary is famous for the Indian monitor lizard?
- National Chambal
- Bhitarkanika
- Sultanpur
- All of these
Answer: All of these
All three—National Chambal, Bhitarkanika, and Sultanpur—are important habitats for the Indian monitor lizard. This large reptile is an indicator of healthy wetland ecosystems. Conservation focuses on reducing habitat loss and human conflict.
Which phenomenon causes 'Tea Showers' in Assam?
- Northeast Monsoon
- Pre-monsoon showers
- Western Disturbances
- Retreating Monsoon
Answer: Pre-monsoon showers
Tea Showers are pre-monsoon rainfall in Assam during March-April that help in tea leaf growth. These showers are caused by convective activity and moisture from the Bay of Bengal. They are crucial for Assam's tea industry, which produces about 50% of India's tea.
Which is India's first commercial small modular reactor project location?
- Rajasthan
- Tamil Nadu
- Karnataka
- Haryana
Answer: Rajasthan
India's first commercial small modular reactor (SMR) project is planned in Rajasthan. SMRs are compact nuclear reactors (under 300 MW) offering flexibility and safety. They support India's goal of 22.4 GW nuclear capacity by 2031.
Which is the capital of Serbia?
- Zagreb
- Belgrade
- Sarajevo
- Ljubljana
Answer: Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia, located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers. One of Europe's oldest cities, it has been a strategic crossroads for centuries. Belgrade is known for its fortress and vibrant nightlife.
Which process forms a 'drumlin'?
- River deposition
- Glacial deposition
- Wind deposition
- Coastal deposition
Answer: Glacial deposition
Drumlins are elongated hills of glacial till deposited by moving ice sheets. They have a steep stoss side and gentle lee side, indicating ice flow direction. Drumlins are common in Ireland, Canada, and parts of North America.
Which is the world's largest active volcano by volume?
- Mauna Loa
- Kilauea
- Mount Etna
- Mount Nyiragongo
Answer: Mauna Loa
Mauna Loa in Hawaii is the world's largest active volcano by volume (about 75,000 cu km). It is a shield volcano that has erupted 33 times since 1843. Though Mount Everest is taller above sea level, Mauna Loa is taller from base to summit.
Which river is known as the 'Lifeline of Bihar'?
- Ganga
- Kosi
- Gandak
- Son
Answer: Ganga
The Ganga River is called the 'Lifeline of Bihar' as it provides water for irrigation, drinking, and transport. The river supports agriculture in the fertile Gangetic plains and is culturally significant. Major cities like Patna are located on its banks.
Which is the capital of Bulgaria?
- Bucharest
- Sofia
- Belgrade
- Skopje
Answer: Sofia
Sofia is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria, located at the foot of Vitosha Mountain. One of Europe's oldest cities, it has been inhabited for over 7,000 years. Sofia is a major cultural and economic hub in Southeastern Europe.
Which Indian state is the largest producer of soybean?
- Madhya Pradesh
- Maharashtra
- Rajasthan
- Uttar Pradesh
Answer: Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh is the largest producer of soybean in India, contributing about 50% of national production. Major soybean-growing districts are Indore, Ujjain, and Dewas. Soybean is used for oil, animal feed, and biodiesel.
Which river is known as the 'River of Dreams' in literature?
- Thames
- Seine
- Danube
- Rhine
Answer: Danube
The Danube River is called the 'River of Dreams' in European literature and music, notably in Johann Strauss's waltz 'The Blue Danube'. It flows through 10 countries and is the second-longest river in Europe after the Volga.
Which sanctuary is famous for the Indian otter?
- National Chambal
- Bhitarkanika
- Chilika
- All of these
Answer: All of these
All three—National Chambal, Bhitarkanika, and Chilika—are important habitats for the Indian otter. This semi-aquatic mammal is an indicator of healthy freshwater ecosystems. Conservation efforts focus on reducing pollution and protecting riverine habitats.
Which factor causes 'Kumkum Showers' in Karnataka?
- Northeast Monsoon
- Pre-monsoon showers
- Western Disturbances
- Retreating Monsoon
Answer: Pre-monsoon showers
Kumkum Showers are pre-monsoon rainfall in Karnataka during March-April that help in coffee flowering. These showers are caused by convective activity and moisture from the Arabian Sea. They are crucial for the state's plantation economy.
Which is India's first commercial green hydrogen project location?
- Gujarat
- Tamil Nadu
- Karnataka
- Odisha
Answer: Gujarat
India's first commercial green hydrogen project was launched in Gujarat by Reliance Industries. Green hydrogen is produced using renewable energy and is crucial for decarbonizing industries like steel and cement. India aims to become a global green hydrogen hub.
Which is the capital of Ukraine?
- Minsk
- Kiev
- Warsaw
- Bucharest
Answer: Kiev
Kiev (Kyiv) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located on the Dnieper River. One of Eastern Europe's oldest cities, it was the center of Kievan Rus'. Kiev is known for its golden-domed churches and as a cultural hub.
Which process forms a 'fjord'?
- River erosion
- Glacial erosion
- Wind erosion
- Coastal erosion
Answer: Glacial erosion
Fjords are deep, narrow inlets with steep sides formed by glacial erosion. When glaciers retreat, seawater floods the U-shaped valley. Fjords are common in Norway, Chile, and New Zealand. They are distinct from rias, which are drowned river valleys.
Which is the world's largest salt flat?
- Salar de Uyuni
- Etosha Pan
- Makgadikgadi Pan
- Bonneville Salt Flats
Answer: Salar de Uyuni
Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia is the world's largest salt flat (10,582 sq km). Formed by the transformation of prehistoric lakes, it contains about half the world's lithium reserves. During the rainy season, it becomes a giant mirror reflecting the sky.
Which river is known as the 'Lifeline of Telangana'?
- Godavari
- Krishna
- Manjira
- Pranhita
Answer: Godavari
The Godavari River is called the 'Lifeline of Telangana' as it provides water for irrigation, drinking, and industry through projects like the Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Scheme. The river supports agriculture in the drought-prone regions of Telangana.
Which is the capital of Romania?
- Sofia
- Bucharest
- Belgrade
- Budapest
Answer: Bucharest
Bucharest is the capital and largest city of Romania, located on the Dâmbovița River. Known as 'Little Paris' for its architecture, it is a major economic and cultural hub in Southeastern Europe. The Palace of the Parliament is one of the world's largest buildings.