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Which is the capital of Austria?
- Vienna
- Salzburg
- Innsbruck
- Graz
Answer: Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of Austria, located on the Danube River. It is known for its cultural heritage, classical music (Mozart, Beethoven), and imperial palaces. Vienna consistently ranks among the world's most livable cities.
The Repetti discontinuity is within the Earth's mantle.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Repetti discontinuity, at about 660 km depth, marks a boundary within the Earth's mantle separating the upper and lower mantle. It is characterized by changes in mineral structure due to increasing pressure. Named after seismologist L. Repetti.
Which Indian state is the largest producer of apples?
- Himachal Pradesh
- Jammu & Kashmir
- Uttarakhand
- Sikkim
Answer: Jammu & Kashmir
Jammu & Kashmir is the largest producer of apples in India, contributing about 75% of national production. Major apple-growing regions include Shopian, Kulgam, and Anantnag. Apples are a key horticulture crop supporting rural livelihoods.
The _______ is the only Indian state that produces saffron.
- Himachal Pradesh
- Jammu & Kashmir
- Uttarakhand
- Sikkim
Answer: Jammu & Kashmir
Jammu & Kashmir is the only Indian state that produces saffron, primarily in the Pampore region of the Kashmir Valley. Saffron is the world's most expensive spice, derived from the Crocus sativus flower. India is among the top saffron producers globally.
Which river is known as the 'River of Gold'?
- Amazon
- Niger
- Congo
- Zambezi
Answer: Niger
The Niger River is called the 'River of Gold' due to the historical gold trade along its banks in West Africa. It flows through Guinea, Mali, Niger, and Nigeria before emptying into the Gulf of Guinea. It is the third-longest river in Africa.
The Garo, Khasi, and Jaintia Hills are part of the Eastern Himalayas.
- True
- False
Answer: False
The Garo, Khasi, and Jaintia Hills are part of the Meghalaya Plateau, which is an extension of the Peninsular Plateau, not the Eastern Himalayas. These hills receive some of the world's highest rainfall and are known for living root bridges.
Which type of forest is found in the Himalayas above 3,600 meters?
- Tropical Evergreen
- Montane
- Alpine
- Subtropical
Answer: Alpine
Alpine forests are found in the Himalayas above 3,600 meters, characterized by dwarf trees, shrubs, and meadows. Vegetation includes juniper, rhododendron, and birch. These forests are sensitive to climate change and support unique biodiversity.
The _______ is the largest country in Europe by area.
- Ukraine
- France
- Russia
- Spain
Answer: Russia
Russia is the largest country in Europe by area, though most of its territory lies in Asia. The European part of Russia includes major cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg. Russia spans 11 time zones and borders 14 countries.
Which phenomenon is responsible for 'Blossom Showers' in Kerala?
- Northeast Monsoon
- Pre-monsoon showers
- Western Disturbances
- Retreating Monsoon
Answer: Pre-monsoon showers
Blossom Showers are pre-monsoon rainfall in Kerala during March-April that help in the flowering of coffee and cardamom plantations. These showers are caused by convective activity and moisture from the Arabian Sea, benefiting horticulture.
The Great Barrier Reef is located off the coast of Australia.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Great Barrier Reef is located off the northeastern coast of Queensland, Australia. It is the world's largest coral reef system (2,300 km long) and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It faces threats from climate change and coral bleaching.
Which is India's largest hydroelectric project by capacity?
- Tehri
- Koyna
- Subansiri Lower
- Sardar Sarovar
Answer: Subansiri Lower
Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project in Arunachal Pradesh (under construction) will be India's largest with 2,000 MW capacity. Currently, Koyna (1,960 MW) is the largest operational. Hydro power is renewable and crucial for India's energy mix.
The _______ is the largest glacier in India.
- Siachen
- Gangotri
- Yamunotri
- Pindari
Answer: Siachen
Siachen Glacier in Ladakh is the largest glacier in India (76 km long) and the world's highest battlefield. It is the source of the Nubra River. The glacier is strategically important due to its location near the Line of Control with Pakistan.
Which is the capital of Switzerland?
- Zurich
- Geneva
- Bern
- Basel
Answer: Bern
Bern is the capital of Switzerland, located on the Aare River. It is known for its well-preserved medieval old town, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Zurich and Geneva are larger cities, but Bern has been the federal city since 1848.
India is the largest producer of millets in the world.
- True
- False
Answer: True
India is the largest producer of millets globally, contributing about 40% of world production. Major millets include jowar, bajra, and ragi. The UN declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets, recognizing India's leadership in millet cultivation.
Which landform is created by river deposition at its mouth?
- Delta
- Estuary
- Fjord
- Oxbow Lake
Answer: Delta
A delta is formed by river deposition of sediments at its mouth where it enters a sea or lake. The Ganga-Brahmaputra delta is the world's largest. Estuaries are tidal mouths without significant deposition; fjords are glacial valleys flooded by sea.
The _______ River is known as the 'Lifeline of Punjab'.
- Sutlej
- Beas
- Ravi
- Chenab
Answer: Sutlej
The Sutlej River is called the 'Lifeline of Punjab' as it provides water for irrigation through the Bhakra-Nangal project. It originates in Tibet and is the easternmost tributary of the Indus. The river supports agriculture in Punjab and Haryana.
Which country has the most natural lakes in the world?
- USA
- Russia
- Canada
- Finland
Answer: Canada
Canada has the most natural lakes in the world, with over 2 million lakes covering about 9% of its land area. This is due to glacial activity during the last Ice Age. Major lakes include Great Bear, Great Slave, and portions of the Great Lakes.
The Deccan Traps are volcanic rock formations in peninsular India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Deccan Traps are extensive volcanic rock formations in western and central India, formed by massive lava flows about 66 million years ago. They cover parts of Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh. The black soil of this region is derived from these traps.
Which sanctuary is famous for the Great Indian Hornbill?
- Pakke
- Nameri
- Eaglenest
- All of these
Answer: All of these
All three sanctuaries—Pakke, Nameri, and Eaglenest—in Arunachal Pradesh and Assam are important habitats for the Great Indian Hornbill. This bird is culturally significant to Northeast tribes and is a flagship species for forest conservation.
Which climate type has no dry season and heavy rainfall throughout the year?
- Tropical Monsoon
- Equatorial
- Mediterranean
- Continental
Answer: Equatorial
Equatorial climate has no dry season and experiences heavy rainfall (over 200 cm annually) throughout the year due to convectional rainfall. Found near the Equator in Amazon, Congo Basin, and Indonesia. Supports tropical rainforests.