Fill in the Blank – GK Questions

'Ahimsa Paramo Dharma' (non-violence is the supreme duty) is a core principle of Jainism. Jains practice strict non-violence towards all living beings, influencing Indian culture and Gandhi's philosophy. [[30]]

India's first general elections were held in 1951-52, with over 173 million eligible voters. The Indian National Congress won a majority, and Nehru continued as Prime Minister. [[1]]

Direct Action Day (August 16, 1946) called by the Muslim League led to massive communal riots in Calcutta, killing thousands. It marked the point of no return toward Partition. [[1]]

The Moplah Rebellion (1921) occurred in Malabar district, Kerala, among Muslim tenant farmers against Hindu landlords and British authorities. It began as part of the Khilafat-Non-Cooperation Movement but turned communal. [[30]]

The Berlin Committee (1915) was formed by Indian revolutionaries in Germany during WWI, with support from the German government. It aimed to secure German aid for India's independence struggle. [[1]]

Gandhi's Constructive Programme emphasized khadi spinning, village industries, Hindu-Muslim unity, removal of untouchability, prohibition, and basic education (Nai Talim) as means of social transformation. [[30]]

Tilak used Ganapati Festival and Shivaji Jayanti celebrations to foster national pride and unity against British rule. These cultural events became platforms for political mobilization in Maharashtra. [[1]]

The Indian National Congress was founded in December 1885 at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay. W.C. Banerjee was its first president, and 72 delegates attended the inaugural session. [[30]]

The Indian Councils Act 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms) introduced separate electorates for Muslims, expanding legislative councils and allowing limited Indian participation in governance. [[1]]

Ganimi Kava (guerrilla warfare) was Shivaji's military strategy using terrain knowledge, surprise attacks, and quick retreats. It enabled the Marathas to effectively challenge larger Mughal forces. [[1]]

Akbar promulgated Din-i-Ilahi (Divine Faith) in 1582, a syncretic religion blending elements of Islam, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, and Christianity. It had few followers and declined after Akbar's death. [[1]]

The Iqta system assigned land revenue collection rights to military officers (Iqtadars) in lieu of salary. Iqtadars maintained troops and remitted surplus revenue to the central treasury. [[30]]

The Chola bronze Nataraja depicts Shiva as the cosmic dancer performing the Tandava, symbolizing creation, preservation, and destruction. These sculptures are masterpieces of Chola art and metallurgy. [[1]]

Agrahara grants were land donations to Brahmins and temples during the Gupta period. These grants were tax-free and hereditary, leading to the growth of self-sufficient village economies. [[30]]

The Gandhara school of art (1st-3rd century CE) flourished under Kushana patronage, blending Greco-Roman and Indian styles. It produced the first anthropomorphic images of Buddha. [[1]]

Kuchipudi originated in the village of Kuchipudi in Andhra Pradesh. It combines dance and drama, with performers often singing while dancing. It is known for quick footwork and expressive abhinaya. [[30]]

Sir C.V. Raman won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for discovering the Raman Effect – the scattering of light that reveals molecular structure. He was the first Asian to win a Nobel Prize in science. [[1]]

World War II ended in 1945 with Germany's surrender in May (V-E Day) and Japan's surrender in September after atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The war resulted in the creation of the United Nations. [[1]]

The Radcliffe Line, named after Cyril Radcliffe, demarcated the boundary between India and Pakistan during Partition in 1947. Its hurried drawing caused massive displacement and communal violence. [[30]]

Subhash Chandra Bose popularized the slogan 'Jai Hind' (Victory to India) and 'Delhi Chalo' to motivate the Indian National Army. These slogans became rallying cries for India's freedom struggle. [[1]]