Fill in the Blank – GK Questions

The Concurrent List (List III in Seventh Schedule) allowing both center and states to legislate on certain subjects was borrowed from the Australian Constitution. It facilitates cooperative federalism. [[30]]

The Second Five-Year Plan (1956-61), based on the Mahalanobis Model, emphasized heavy and capital goods industries to achieve rapid industrialization. It laid foundations for India's public sector. [[1]]

The Gujral Doctrine (1996), articulated by PM I.K. Gujral, emphasized non-reciprocal generosity towards smaller South Asian neighbors to build trust and regional cooperation, particularly with Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Bhutan. [[30]]

The Berlin Committee (1915) was formed by Indian revolutionaries in Germany during WWI, seeking German support for India's independence. It coordinated with the Ghadar Party for anti-British activities. [[1]]

Bankim Chandra Chatterjee wrote 'Anandamath' (1882), featuring the song 'Vande Mataram'. The novel inspired nationalist sentiment and became a rallying cry during India's freedom struggle. [[30]]

Babur wrote his memoirs 'Baburnama' in Chagatai Turkish, later translated to Persian. It provides vivid accounts of his life, Central Asian culture, and early Mughal India. [[1]]

Vatsyayana composed the Kamasutra (c. 3rd century CE), a treatise on love, relationships, and social conduct. It reflects the sophisticated urban culture of ancient India beyond mere eroticism. [[30]]

The Komagata Maru (1914) carried 376 Indian immigrants to Canada, but was denied entry due to restrictive immigration laws. The incident galvanized the Ghadar Movement and anti-colonial sentiment. [[1]]

The Instrument of Accession was the legal document by which princely states joined the Indian Union, ceding control of defense, foreign affairs, and communications to the central government while retaining internal autonomy. [[30]]

Tipu Shah led the Pagal Panthi movement (1820s-1840s) in Mymensingh, Bengal. It combined religious revivalism with peasant resistance against zamindari oppression and British authority. [[1]]

The Sisodia clan of Rajputs ruled Mewar from Chittorgarh and later Udaipur. Notable rulers include Rana Sanga, Rana Pratap, who resisted Mughal expansion valiantly. [[30]]

The Ikshvaku dynasty (c. 3rd-4th century CE) succeeded the Satavahanas in the Krishna-Guntur region. They patronized Buddhism and built notable stupas at Nagarjunakonda. [[1]]

Pattachitra is a traditional scroll painting from West Bengal and Odisha, depicting Hindu epics and folk tales. Artists use natural colors on cloth or palm leaves, continuing centuries-old techniques. [[30]]

The African National Congress (ANC), founded in 1912, led the struggle against apartheid in South Africa. Nelson Mandela became its iconic leader and South Africa's first black president in 1994. [[1]]

Bhaskara II (12th century) wrote Siddhanta Shiromani, covering arithmetic, algebra, and astronomy. He calculated planetary positions, discussed gravity concepts, and contributed to calculus foundations. [[30]]

The Green Revolution (mid-1960s) introduced high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice, along with irrigation, fertilizers, and pesticides. It transformed India from a food-deficient to a self-sufficient nation. [[1]]

The Treaty of Sugauli (1816) ended the Anglo-Nepalese War and defined Nepal's boundaries. Nepal ceded territories like Kumaon and Garhwal but retained independence, and the Gurkha recruitment tradition began. [[30]]

Srivijaya (7th-13th century), based in Sumatra, was a major maritime empire and center for Mahayana Buddhism. Indian scholars like Atisha studied there, and it facilitated cultural exchange between India and Southeast Asia. [[1]]

The Simla Agreement (July 1972) was signed by Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto after the 1971 War. It established the Line of Control in Kashmir and committed both nations to bilateral resolution of disputes. [[30]]

The Battle of Haldighati (1576) was fought between Maharana Pratap of Mewar and Akbar's forces led by Man Singh. Though tactically inconclusive, Pratap continued guerrilla warfare to defend Mewar's independence. [[1]]