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The SI unit of luminous intensity is ________.
- Lumen
- Lux
- Candela
- Watt
Answer: Candela
Candela (cd) is one of seven SI base units, measuring luminous intensity in a given direction. Lumen measures total luminous flux; lux measures illuminance. Important for photometry. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]
Biogas primarily consists of ________ and carbon dioxide.
- Hydrogen
- Methane
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
Answer: Methane
Biogas (from anaerobic digestion of organic waste) contains 50-75% methane (CH₄), a clean fuel. Promoted under GOBAR-DHAN scheme for rural energy and waste management. [[MNRE Reports, NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]
The process of heating ore below melting point in absence of air is called ________.
- Roasting
- Calcination
- Smelting
- Refining
Answer: Calcination
Calcination decomposes carbonate ores (e.g., ZnCO₃ → ZnO + CO₂) by heating in limited air. Roasting is for sulfide ores in excess air. Key step in metal extraction. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
The gap between two neurons is called ________.
- Synapse
- Axon
- Dendrite
- Myelin sheath
Answer: Synapse
Synapse is the junction where neurotransmitters transmit signals from one neuron to another. Essential for understanding nerve impulse transmission and brain function. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
Heat transfer through direct contact is called ________.
- Convection
- Radiation
- Conduction
- Advection
Answer: Conduction
Conduction occurs via molecular collisions in solids (e.g., metal rod heating). Convection involves fluid movement; radiation uses electromagnetic waves. Basic thermodynamics concept. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]
Rainwater harvesting helps in recharging ________ water.
- Surface
- Ground
- Distilled
- Saline
Answer: Ground
Harvested rainwater percolates into aquifers, replenishing groundwater tables. Critical for sustainable water management in water-stressed regions like India. [[CGWB Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]
The ozone layer in stratosphere absorbs harmful ________ radiation from the sun.
- Infrared
- Visible
- Ultraviolet
- Radio
Answer: Ultraviolet
Ozone (O₃) absorbs 97-99% of Sun's medium-frequency UV-B and UV-C rays, protecting life from DNA damage. Ozone depletion by CFCs is a major environmental concern. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11, UNEP Reports]]
The functional unit of kidney is called ________.
- Neuron
- Nephron
- Alveolus
- Villus
Answer: Nephron
Nephrons filter blood, reabsorb nutrients, and produce urine. Each kidney has ~1 million nephrons. Understanding nephron structure is vital for physiology questions. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
The distance between two consecutive crests of a wave is called ________.
- Amplitude
- Frequency
- Wavelength
- Time period
Answer: Wavelength
Wavelength (λ) is the spatial period of a wave. Related to frequency (f) and speed (v) by v = fλ. Fundamental for understanding sound, light, and electromagnetic waves. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]
1 Byte equals ________ bits.
- 4
- 8
- 16
- 32
Answer: 8
1 Byte = 8 bits (binary digits). This standard unit conversion is essential for understanding computer memory, data transfer rates, and digital storage concepts. [[NCERT Computer Science]]
The number of protons in an atom determines its ________ number.
- Mass
- Atomic
- Neutron
- Electron
Answer: Atomic
Atomic number (Z) = proton count, defining an element's identity and position in periodic table. Mass number = protons + neutrons. Foundational concept in chemistry. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]
The tiny air sacs in lungs where gas exchange occurs are called ________.
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
- Trachea
Answer: Alveoli
Alveoli are microscopic sacs surrounded by capillaries. Oxygen diffuses into blood, CO₂ diffuses out. Their large surface area (~70 m²) enables efficient respiration. Key anatomy concept. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
The value of acceleration due to gravity (g) on Earth's surface is approximately ________ m/s².
- 8.9
- 9.8
- 10.2
- 11.0
Answer: 9.8
Standard gravity (g) is 9.8 m/s², varying slightly with altitude and latitude. It's derived from Newton's law of gravitation (g = GM/R²). Essential for mechanics problems in physics. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]
The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to well below ________°C above pre-industrial levels.
- 1.5
- 2.0
- 2.5
- 3.0
Answer: 2.0
The 2015 Paris Agreement targets limiting global temperature rise to well below 2°C, preferably 1.5°C, to mitigate climate change impacts. India is a signatory committed to Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). [[UNFCCC, NCERT Geography Class 11]]
The functional group -COOH is characteristic of ________ acids.
- Amino
- Carboxylic
- Fatty
- Mineral
Answer: Carboxylic
Carboxylic acids contain the carboxyl group (-COOH), which imparts acidic properties. Examples include acetic acid (vinegar) and citric acid. This group is central to organic chemistry reactions and biochemistry. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
The process by which plants lose water vapor through stomata is called ________.
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration
- Transpiration
- Guttation
Answer: Transpiration
Transpiration is the evaporation of water from plant leaves via stomata. It aids in water uptake, nutrient transport, and cooling. Excessive transpiration can cause wilting. Key concept in botany. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
One light year is a unit of ________.
- Time
- Distance
- Speed
- Intensity
Answer: Distance
A light year is the distance light travels in one year in vacuum (~9.46 trillion km). It's used in astronomy to measure vast interstellar distances, not time. Common trick question in exams. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]
HTTP stands for ________ Transfer Protocol.
- Hyper Text
- High Text
- Hyper Transfer
- High Transfer
Answer: Hyper Text
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web. It enables loading of web pages using hypertext links. HTTPS adds encryption for security. Crucial for computer awareness sections. [[NCERT Computer Science]]
The chemical formula of common salt is ________.
- KCl
- NaCl
- CaCl₂
- MgCl₂
Answer: NaCl
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is common table salt, formed by ionic bonding between sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻) ions. It's essential for nerve function and fluid balance in humans. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 10]]
The enzyme pepsin is secreted by the ________ in the stomach.
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Gastric glands
- Salivary glands
Answer: Gastric glands
Gastric glands in the stomach lining secrete pepsinogen, which converts to active pepsin in acidic environment. Pepsin breaks down proteins into peptides, initiating protein digestion. This is a key concept in human physiology. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]