Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in mRNA vaccines protect the mRNA and facilitate its entry into cells via ________.
- Diffusion
- Endocytosis
- Osmosis
- Active transport
Answer: Endocytosis
LNPs fuse with cell membranes or are internalized via endocytosis; endosomal escape releases mRNA into cytoplasm for translation. Key innovation enabling mRNA vaccine efficacy and stability. [[ICMR Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]