Environment – MCQ – GK Questions

Negative externalities like pollution impose costs on society not reflected in market prices, justifying policy interventions like taxes or regulations.

NCAP, launched in 2019, targets 132 non-attainment cities with tailored strategies for air quality improvement through multi-sectoral interventions.

Drones provide cost-effective, high-resolution aerial data for biodiversity monitoring, anti-poaching efforts, and habitat assessment.

Water quality monitoring assesses physical, chemical, and biological parameters to evaluate pollution levels and ecosystem health.

CAAQMS use automated analyzers to measure pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, and O3 continuously, providing real-time data for public awareness.

The IRS satellite series by ISRO provides data for agriculture, forestry, water resources, disaster management, and environmental studies.

Forests intercept rainfall, reduce runoff velocity, enhance infiltration, and stabilize soil, thereby regulating stream flow and mitigating floods.

Mangroves have specialized adaptations like pneumatophores for oxygen uptake in waterlogged, saline coastal environments.

Clearing forests for agriculture, roads, dams, and urbanization are primary drivers of deforestation, leading to habitat loss and biodiversity decline.

Tropical wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats and Northeast India harbor exceptional biodiversity with numerous endemic flora and fauna.

Deciduous forests have trees that lose leaves seasonally to conserve water during dry periods, common in tropical and temperate regions.

Jet streams are high-altitude, high-speed wind bands that influence weather patterns and aviation routes globally.

Trade winds form due to air moving from high-pressure subtropical zones toward the equatorial low, deflected by the Coriolis effect.

A barometer measures atmospheric pressure, which is essential for weather forecasting and understanding atmospheric dynamics.

Nitrogen constitutes about 78% of Earth's atmosphere by volume, followed by oxygen at 21%, with other gases making up the remainder.

The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere, approximately 15-35 km above Earth's surface, absorbing most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation.

NAPCC recognizes that climate change intensifies disasters; thus, adaptation measures are integrated into DRM to build resilience.

Non-structural measures use policy, planning, and information to reduce flood risk without physical infrastructure, complementing structural approaches.

Climate-resilient crops and water-saving techniques like drip irrigation help farmers cope with water scarcity during droughts.

The Sendai Framework emphasizes proactive risk reduction, multi-hazard approaches, and building back better to minimize disaster losses.