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Answer: Western Ghats and Eastern Himalayas
India has four biodiversity hotspots: the Himalayas, Western Ghats, North-East India, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
Answer: Bottom sediments
Benthos are the community of organisms that live on, in, or near the bottom sediments of a body of water.
Answer: Temperature
Abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment, such as temperature, light, and water.
Answer: Soil
Edaphology is the study of the influence of soils on living things, particularly plants.
Answer: Fungi
Biotic components are the living parts of an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, and fungi (decomposers).
Answer: Plants
Plants are primary producers as they synthesize their own food through photosynthesis.