Which of the following best describes the concept of 'Externalities' in environmental economics?
- Costs or benefits of an economic activity that affect third parties not directly involved
- Government subsidies for industries
- International trade tariffs
- Stock market fluctuations
Answer: Costs or benefits of an economic activity that affect third parties not directly involved
Negative externalities like pollution impose costs on society not reflected in market prices, justifying policy interventions like taxes or regulations.