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Which of the following is a common source of noise pollution in urban areas?
- Bird songs
- Traffic, construction, and industrial activities
- Rainfall
- Wind through trees
Answer: Traffic, construction, and industrial activities
Urban noise pollution from vehicles, machinery, and events can cause health issues like stress, sleep disturbance, and hearing impairment.
Urban heat island effect refers to higher temperatures in cities compared to surrounding rural areas due to human activities and built surfaces.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Concrete, asphalt, and reduced vegetation absorb and re-emit heat, while waste heat from vehicles and buildings elevates urban temperatures.
Earth Hour, observed globally by switching off lights for one hour, aims to raise awareness about climate change.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Initiated by WWF, Earth Hour symbolizes collective commitment to environmental action and sparks conversations about sustainability beyond the event.
Which of the following is a simple action individuals can take to reduce their environmental footprint?
- Using single-use plastics frequently
- Practicing the 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
- Leaving lights and appliances on when not in use
- Preferring private vehicles for short trips
Answer: Practicing the 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Adopting the 3Rs minimizes waste generation, conserves resources, and reduces pollution, contributing to sustainable consumption patterns.
World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5 to raise global awareness about environmental issues.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Established by the UN in 1973, World Environment Day mobilizes action through campaigns, events, and policy advocacy worldwide.
Sustainable development seeks to balance economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The three pillars of sustainability—economic, social, and environmental—must be integrated to meet present needs without compromising future generations.
Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable natural resource?
- Solar energy
- Wind power
- Coal
- Biomass
Answer: Coal
Coal is a fossil fuel formed over millions of years; its extraction and use deplete finite reserves, classifying it as non-renewable.
The 'Green GDP' concept attempts to account for environmental degradation and resource depletion in national income accounting.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Green GDP adjusts conventional GDP by subtracting the costs of environmental damage and resource depletion, promoting sustainable development metrics.
Citizen science initiatives involve the public in collecting environmental data, such as bird counts or water quality testing.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Citizen science engages volunteers in scientific research, expanding data collection capacity and raising environmental awareness among communities.
Which of the following is a common method for monitoring water quality in rivers?
- Measuring seismic activity
- Testing for parameters like pH, DO, BOD, and coliform bacteria
- Counting bird species only
- Measuring soil temperature
Answer: Testing for parameters like pH, DO, BOD, and coliform bacteria
Water quality monitoring assesses physical, chemical, and biological parameters to evaluate pollution levels and ecosystem health.
Remote sensing involves collecting information about an object or area from a distance, typically using satellites or aircraft.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Remote sensing uses sensors to detect and record reflected or emitted energy, enabling large-scale environmental monitoring without physical contact.
The 'Green India Mission' aims to increase forest/tree cover and improve ecosystem services.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Launched under NAPCC, the Green India Mission targets enhancing forest cover, biodiversity, and livelihoods of forest-dependent communities.
Which of the following is a major cause of deforestation in India?
- Afforestation programs
- Agricultural expansion and infrastructure development
- Organic farming
- Eco-tourism
Answer: Agricultural expansion and infrastructure development
Clearing forests for agriculture, roads, dams, and urbanization are primary drivers of deforestation, leading to habitat loss and biodiversity decline.
Social forestry involves planting trees on community and private lands to meet local needs.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Social forestry promotes tree planting by communities for fuel, fodder, timber, and environmental benefits, reducing pressure on natural forests.
Greenhouse gases trap heat by absorbing and re-emitting infrared radiation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Greenhouse gases like CO2, CH4, and water vapor absorb outgoing infrared radiation from Earth's surface and re-emit it, warming the atmosphere.
Which instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
- Thermometer
- Barometer
- Hygrometer
- Anemometer
Answer: Barometer
A barometer measures atmospheric pressure, which is essential for weather forecasting and understanding atmospheric dynamics.
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere where most weather phenomena occur.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The troposphere extends from Earth's surface to about 8-15 km and contains about 75% of the atmosphere's mass, where clouds, rain, and winds form.
The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) is responsible for issuing weather forecasts and warnings for cyclones and extreme weather events.
- True
- False
Answer: True
IMD monitors weather systems, provides forecasts, and issues warnings to enable preparedness and response to meteorological hazards.
Which of the following is a measure for drought mitigation in agriculture?
- Growing water-intensive crops
- Adopting drought-resistant crop varieties and efficient irrigation
- Clearing forests for more farmland
- Over-extracting groundwater
Answer: Adopting drought-resistant crop varieties and efficient irrigation
Climate-resilient crops and water-saving techniques like drip irrigation help farmers cope with water scarcity during droughts.
Early warning systems for cyclones have significantly reduced mortality in coastal India in recent decades.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Improved forecasting, communication, and evacuation protocols by IMD and NDMA have enhanced preparedness and saved lives during cyclones.