GK Questions

Answer: QKD

QKD (Quantum Key Distribution) uses quantum physics principles to generate and share encryption keys with provable security. Deployed in limited metro networks (e.g., DRDO's QKD link). Challenges: distance limits, cost, and integration with existing infrastructure. Critical for future-proof cybersecurity questions.

Answer: All of these

Flood forecasting integrates: hydrological models (rainfall-runoff simulation), weather radar (precipitation estimation), satellite altimetry (river levels), and IoT sensors (real-time gauges). CWC and IMD operate systems for major river basins. Critical for early warning and disaster risk reduction questions.

Answer: PM-WANI

PM-WANI (Prime Minister's Wi-Fi Access Network Interface) enables public Wi-Fi hotspots via PDOs (Public Data Offices) using satellite/fiber backhaul. Aims to provide affordable internet access in rural/remote areas for education, telemedicine, and e-governance. Part of Digital India's connectivity pillar.

Answer: Live Caption

Live Caption (Android/iOS) uses on-device AI to generate real-time captions for any audio (calls, videos, podcasts), aiding hearing-impaired users. Works offline for privacy. Part of broader accessibility suite: screen readers, color correction, switch access. Critical for inclusive design and digital empowerment questions.

Answer: Taiwan

Taiwan (TSMC) holds ~60% of global semiconductor foundry market and ~90% of advanced nodes (<7nm). Strategic importance drives global efforts (US CHIPS Act, India Semiconductor Mission) to diversify supply chains. Critical for understanding geopolitics of technology and supply chain resilience questions.

Answer: Fog Computing

Fog Computing extends cloud capabilities to network edge (routers, gateways), enabling real-time processing for IoT, autonomous vehicles, and industrial automation. Reduces latency, bandwidth usage, and enhances privacy. Complements cloud (centralized) and edge (device-level) computing. Critical for distributed systems questions.

Answer: All of these

Post-disaster assessment combines: satellite/drone imagery for wide-area coverage, AI for automated damage detection (buildings, roads), and GIS for spatial analysis and resource allocation. Used by NDMA, ISRO, and state agencies for rapid response. Critical for disaster management and geospatial technology questions.

Answer: India Semiconductor Mission

India Semiconductor Mission (under MeitY) implements ₹76,000 crore incentive scheme for semiconductor fabs, display fabs, and design ecosystem. Partnerships with global players (TSMC, Micron) announced. Critical for reducing import dependence and building strategic technology self-reliance. Important for industrial policy questions.

Answer: All of these

Accessibility features combine: Screen Readers (TalkBack, VoiceOver) narrate UI elements, OCR converts images to speech, and Speech Synthesis provides audio feedback. Integrated into Android/iOS for inclusive digital access. Critical for digital inclusion and assistive technology questions under Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act.

Answer: SPADEX

SPADEX (Space Docking Experiment) successfully demonstrated autonomous rendezvous and docking of two spacecraft in Earth orbit in 2024. Critical technology for future space station modules, satellite servicing, and human spaceflight. Represents India's advancement in complex space operations. Important for ISRO current affairs questions.

Answer: Mandatory physical card

UPI does NOT require a physical card. It uses virtual payment addresses linked to bank accounts. Key features include 24x7 availability, single-click two-factor authentication, instant fund transfer, and support for multiple banks in one app.

Answer: Aditya-L1

Aditya-L1 is India's first dedicated solar mission, positioned at Lagrange Point 1 (L1) to study the Sun's corona, solar emissions, and space weather. Launched in 2023, it carries seven indigenous payloads for comprehensive solar observations.

Answer: Primary Key

Primary Key is a column or set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table. It cannot contain NULL values and must be unique. Foreign keys establish relationships between tables, while candidate keys are potential primary keys.

Answer: Switch

Switch is a networking device that connects devices within a LAN and uses MAC addresses to forward data frames only to the intended recipient port. Unlike hubs that broadcast to all ports, switches improve network efficiency and security.

Answer: DDoS

DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack uses multiple compromised systems to flood a target server with traffic, exhausting resources and making services unavailable. Mitigation includes traffic filtering, rate limiting, and using DDoS protection services.

Answer: Short Message Service

SMS (Short Message Service) is a text messaging service component of most telephone, internet, and mobile device systems. It uses standardized communication protocols to exchange short text messages (up to 160 characters) between devices.

Answer: Register

Registers are the fastest memory type, located inside the CPU, used for immediate data processing. Cache is next fastest (L1/L2/L3), followed by RAM, then storage devices (SSD/HDD). Speed hierarchy: Registers > Cache > RAM > SSD > HDD.

Answer: IoT

IoT (Internet of Things) refers to network of physical devices embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity to collect and exchange data. Applications include smart homes, industrial automation, healthcare monitoring, and smart cities.

Answer: Stack

Stack is a linear data structure that follows LIFO principle - the last element added is the first to be removed. Operations include push (add) and pop (remove). Used in function call management, expression evaluation, and undo mechanisms.

Answer: BharatNet

BharatNet (formerly National Optical Fibre Network) aims to connect all 2.5 lakh gram panchayats with high-speed optical fiber. It is one of the world's largest rural connectivity projects, enabling delivery of e-governance, education, and healthcare services.