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Which technique enables verification of identity without revealing underlying attributes?
- Zero-Knowledge Proofs
- Biometric Encryption
- Tokenization
- Anonymization
Answer: Zero-Knowledge Proofs
ZK-proofs enable proving statements (e.g., age > 18) without revealing actual data. Critical for privacy-preserving authentication and selective disclosure.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing APIs in enterprise environments?
- OWASP API Security Top 10
- NIST SP 800-204
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
OWASP API Top 10 lists common API vulnerabilities; NIST SP 800-204 provides security guidelines for microservices APIs. Critical for API security design questions.
Which certification validates expertise in data engineering and pipeline development?
- Google Professional Data Engineer
- AWS Data Analytics
- Databricks Certified
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Cloud/data platform certifications validate skills in ETL, streaming, warehousing. Critical for data infrastructure roles in growing Indian data economy.
Which database feature enables querying across multiple data sources without moving data?
- Data Virtualization
- ETL
- Replication
- Sharding
Answer: Data Virtualization
Data Virtualization provides unified query interface across heterogeneous sources (SQL, NoSQL, APIs) without physical integration. Critical for agile analytics and federated data architectures.
Which initiative provides IPR support and fast-tracking for startups?
- SIPP Scheme
- Patent Facilitation
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
SIPP (Scheme for IPR Protection) offers fee rebates and expedited examination for startups. Critical for encouraging innovation and protecting intellectual property.
Which regulation requires explicit consent for processing sensitive personal data in India?
- IT Act 2000
- DPDP Act 2023
- RBI Guidelines
- All of these
Answer: DPDP Act 2023
DPDP Act 2023 mandates explicit consent for sensitive personal data (biometrics, health, etc.), with purpose limitation and data principal rights. Critical for privacy compliance questions.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing mobile devices and applications in enterprises?
- NIST SP 800-124
- OWASP MASVS
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
NIST SP 800-124 covers mobile device management; OWASP MASVS provides mobile app security requirements. Critical for BYOD and mobile enterprise security questions.
Which role focuses on designing user interfaces that are accessible and inclusive?
- UX Designer
- UI Developer
- Accessibility Specialist
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Accessible design requires collaboration: UX research, UI implementation, and accessibility expertise (WCAG compliance). Critical for inclusive digital services and legal compliance.
Which database feature enables automatic failover and high availability across multiple nodes?
- Replication
- Sharding
- Indexing
- Caching
Answer: Replication
Replication maintains copies of data across nodes for fault tolerance and read scalability. Synchronous (strong consistency) vs asynchronous (eventual consistency). Critical for resilient database design.
Which program supports student innovation through grants and mentorship in educational institutions?
- KAPILA
- Innovation Ambassador
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
KAPILA (Knowledge Assessment and Processing for Innovation and IPR Literacy Awareness) and Innovation Ambassador program build IP culture in HEIs. Critical for academic innovation questions.
Which privacy technique enables statistical analysis without accessing individual records?
- Differential Privacy
- Federated Learning
- Secure Multi-Party Computation
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Differential Privacy adds noise to aggregates; Federated Learning trains models on-device; SMPC computes jointly without sharing inputs. All enable privacy-preserving analytics. Critical for confidential data science questions.
Which framework provides guidelines for managing third-party cyber risk in supply chains?
- NIST SP 800-161
- ISO 27036
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
NIST SP 800-161 and ISO 27036 provide frameworks for supply chain risk management: vendor assessment, contract clauses, continuous monitoring. Critical for third-party risk governance questions.
Which certification validates expertise in project management for technology initiatives?
- PMP
- PRINCE2
- Agile/Scrum
- All of these
Answer: All of these
PMP (PMI) covers traditional project management; PRINCE2 is process-based; Agile/Scrum certifications focus on iterative delivery. All valued for tech project leadership roles.
Which database optimization technique stores frequently accessed data in faster memory?
- Indexing
- Caching
- Partitioning
- Replication
Answer: Caching
Caching (Redis, Memcached) stores hot data in RAM for sub-millisecond access, reducing database load. Critical for high-traffic applications. Trade-offs: cache invalidation, consistency.
Which fund provides risk capital to startups through SEBI-registered Alternative Investment Funds?
- Fund of Funds for Startups
- Startup India Seed Fund
- NIDHI
- All of these
Answer: Fund of Funds for Startups
FFS (₹10,000 crore) managed by SIDBI invests in AIFs that fund startups. Focuses on innovation, job creation, strategic sectors. Part of Startup India ecosystem support.
Which technique removes personally identifiable information from datasets while preserving analytical utility?
- Encryption
- Anonymization
- Tokenization
- Masking
Answer: Anonymization
Anonymization irreversibly removes/alters PII to prevent re-identification. Techniques: k-anonymity, l-diversity, differential privacy. Critical for privacy-preserving analytics and GDPR/DPDP compliance.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing industrial control systems and critical infrastructure?
- NIST CSF
- IEC 62443
- ISO 27001
- COBIT
Answer: IEC 62443
IEC 62443 provides cybersecurity standards for industrial automation and control systems (IACS). Addresses OT-specific threats: safety, availability, integrity. Critical for critical infrastructure protection questions.
Which role focuses on automating infrastructure deployment and management using code?
- DevOps Engineer
- Data Scientist
- UX Designer
- Product Manager
Answer: DevOps Engineer
DevOps Engineers use IaC (Terraform, Ansible), CI/CD, and monitoring to automate infrastructure. Critical for cloud operations and agile delivery. High demand in Indian tech sector.
Which database feature ensures that transactions are processed reliably even during system failures?
- ACID Properties
- Eventual Consistency
- Sharding
- Caching
Answer: ACID Properties
ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) guarantees reliable transaction processing. Critical for banking, inventory, and other mission-critical applications. NoSQL may relax ACID for scalability.
Which initiative connects startups with corporate innovation challenges and pilot opportunities?
- Startup India
- Corporate Innovation Programs
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Startup India facilitates corporate-startup partnerships; many corporates run innovation challenges for pilots. Critical for startup growth and enterprise innovation questions.