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Which blockchain application enables automated execution of agreements when predefined conditions are met?
- Digital Identity
- Smart Contracts
- Tokenization
- Consensus Algorithms
Answer: Smart Contracts
Smart contracts are self-executing programs stored on blockchain that automatically enforce terms when conditions are satisfied. Used in DeFi, supply chain, insurance.
Which blockchain application enables transparent tracking of products from origin to consumer?
- Digital Voting
- Supply Chain Traceability
- Cryptocurrency Trading
- Decentralized Storage
Answer: Supply Chain Traceability
Blockchain records each transaction/transfer in immutable ledger, enabling end-to-end visibility of product journey. Used for food safety, luxury goods authentication.
Which practice involves intentionally injecting failures to test system resilience?
- Chaos Engineering
- Penetration Testing
- Load Testing
- A/B Testing
Answer: Chaos Engineering
Chaos Engineering (Netflix Chaos Monkey) proactively tests system resilience by injecting failures in controlled experiments. Builds confidence in fault tolerance.
Which pattern isolates external system interactions for testability?
- Adapter
- Facade
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Adapter/ACL patterns wrap external APIs, translating between internal models and external interfaces. Critical for maintainable integrations and testing.
Which database feature enables automatic distribution of data across multiple nodes for scalability?
- Indexing
- Sharding
- Replication
- Caching
Answer: Sharding
Sharding partitions data horizontally across nodes based on key ranges or hashes, enabling horizontal scaling. Critical for handling large datasets in distributed databases.
Which program provides funding and mentorship to early-stage deep tech startups?
- NIDHI-PRAYAS
- Startup India
- Atal Innovation Mission
- All of these
Answer: All of these
NIDHI-PRAYAS (DST) funds prototyping; Startup India offers tax benefits; AIM establishes incubators. Together support innovation from ideation to scale.
Which technology enables immersive virtual experiences through head-mounted displays?
- AR
- VR
- MR
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Immersive tech: VR (fully virtual), AR (overlay on real world), MR (blend virtual/real). Applications: training, education, entertainment, remote collaboration.
Which standard provides guidelines for securing containerized applications and orchestration platforms?
- CIS Kubernetes Benchmark
- NIST SP 800-190
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
CIS Benchmarks provide hardening guidelines; NIST SP 800-190 covers container security lifecycle. Critical for cloud-native security.
Which framework provides guidelines for API security and best practices?
- OWASP API Security Top 10
- NIST SP 800-204
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
OWASP API Top 10 lists common API vulnerabilities; NIST SP 800-204 provides security guidelines for microservices APIs. Critical for API security design.
Which platform enables verified digital document storage and sharing for citizens?
- DigiLocker
- e-Sign
- Aadhaar
- UMANG
Answer: DigiLocker
DigiLocker enables citizens to store/share government-issued documents digitally. Documents have legal validity under IT Act. Integrates with Aadhaar for authentication.
Which standard provides guidelines for software security testing and vulnerability assessment?
- OWASP ASVS
- ISO 27034
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
OWASP Application Security Verification Standard (ASVS) and ISO 27034 provide frameworks for secure software development, testing, and vulnerability management.
Which initiative provides a unified interface for grievance redressal across government departments?
- CPGRAMS
- MyGov
- UMANG
- e-Taal
Answer: CPGRAMS
CPGRAMS (Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System) enables online lodging and tracking of grievances against central government ministries/departments.
Which organization develops global web standards like HTML, CSS, and accessibility guidelines?
- W3C
- IETF
- ISO
- IEEE
Answer: W3C
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) develops web standards ensuring interoperability, accessibility, innovation. India participates through W3C India office.
Which platform enables citizens to access central and state government services via mobile?
- UMANG
- MyGov
- DigiLocker
- e-Taal
Answer: UMANG
UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) offers 1,200+ services: Aadhaar, PAN, EPFO, utilities, health. Multilingual, voice search, offline access.
Which technique identifies unusual patterns that deviate from expected behavior?
- Classification
- Regression
- Anomaly Detection
- Association Rules
Answer: Anomaly Detection
Anomaly detection (Isolation Forest, Autoencoders, statistical methods) identifies outliers indicating fraud, failures, or novel events. Critical for security, monitoring, quality control.
Which technique enables prediction of future values based on historical time series data?
- Regression
- Classification
- Time Series Forecasting
- Clustering
Answer: Time Series Forecasting
Time series forecasting (ARIMA, Prophet, LSTM) models temporal patterns for demand prediction, anomaly detection, capacity planning. Critical for business planning and operations.
Which chart type is most effective for comparing proportions of categories?
- Bar Chart
- Pie Chart
- Stacked Bar
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Proportion visualization: bar charts for clear comparison, pie charts for part-to-whole (limited categories), stacked bars for multiple groups. Choice depends on data and audience.
Which principle requires AI systems to be understandable to non-technical stakeholders?
- Fairness
- Transparency
- Accountability
- Privacy
Answer: Transparency
Transparency (Explainable AI/XAI) ensures AI decisions can be interpreted by humans. Techniques: LIME, SHAP, attention visualization. Critical for trust, debugging, regulatory compliance.
Which disaster recovery strategy maintains fully operational standby in another region?
- Backup and Restore
- Pilot Light
- Warm Standby
- Multi-Site Active-Active
Answer: Multi-Site Active-Active
Active-active runs full workload in multiple regions simultaneously, enabling instant failover with zero RPO/RTO. Highest cost but maximum resilience. Critical for mission-critical systems.
Which practice defines infrastructure in declarative code for version-controlled provisioning?
- Infrastructure as Code
- Configuration Management
- GitOps
- All of these
Answer: All of these
IaC (Terraform), Configuration Management (Ansible), GitOps all use version-controlled code to define infrastructure state. Enables repeatability, auditability, peer review, automated testing.