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Answer: False
SSLV is designed for small satellites (up to 500 kg to LEO), whereas PSLV can carry up to ~1,750 kg to Sun-Synchronous Orbit or ~1,400 kg to LEO. SSLV complements PSLV for smaller payloads.
Answer: False
The Orion Nebula (M42) is a diffuse emission nebula and active star-forming region. Planetary nebulae are shells of gas ejected by dying low-mass stars.
Answer: True
Electric propulsion (ion thrusters) achieves much higher fuel efficiency (specific impulse) than chemical rockets, enabling longer missions with less propellant, though acceleration is very gradual.
Answer: True
Phobos ('fear') and Deimos ('terror') are Mars' two small, irregularly shaped moons, likely captured asteroids.
Answer: False
SpaceX is a private aerospace manufacturer and space transportation company founded by Elon Musk. NASA is the U.S. government agency.
Answer: True
Observations of distant supernovae in the late 1990s revealed that cosmic expansion is accelerating, attributed to dark energy. This discovery won the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Answer: True
Unlike Saturn's bright rings, Jupiter's faint ring system was unknown until Voyager 1 imaged them in 1979. They consist mainly of dust particles.
Answer: True
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was formed on August 15, 1969, superseding the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) established in 1962.
Answer: True
After exhausting nuclear fuel, stars like the Sun shed their outer layers as planetary nebulae, leaving behind a dense core called a white dwarf.
Answer: True
By recovering and reusing major components (like boosters), launch costs can be significantly reduced compared to expendable rockets. SpaceX's Falcon 9 is a prominent example.
Answer: True
Since Pluto's reclassification as a dwarf planet in 2006, Neptune remains the eighth and farthest known major planet from the Sun.
Answer: False
Laika died during the flight aboard Sputnik 2 due to overheating and stress. There was no technology at the time to return the spacecraft safely to Earth.
Answer: True
On April 10, 2019, the EHT collaboration released the first direct image of a black hole's shadow and photon ring, located in the galaxy Messier 87.
Answer: True
Scientific evidence strongly suggests Europa harbors a global saltwater ocean beneath its ice shell, making it a prime target in the search for extraterrestrial life.
Answer: False
In stellar classification, blue stars are the hottest (surface temperatures > 30,000 K), while red stars are the coolest (surface temperatures < 3,500 K). Color indicates temperature via Wien's displacement law.
Answer: True
Saturn's rings are composed predominantly of water ice particles, ranging in size from tiny grains to large boulders, along with some rocky material and dust.
Answer: True
A supernova is a powerful and luminous stellar explosion that occurs during the last evolutionary stages of a massive star or when a white dwarf is triggered into runaway nuclear fusion.
Answer: True
JAXA stands for Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. It is responsible for research, technology development, and launch of satellites into orbit.
Answer: True
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, casting a shadow on the Moon. This alignment can only happen during a full moon.
Answer: True
Mercury has a very thin exosphere rather than a true atmosphere. It is too small and hot to retain a significant atmosphere, leading to extreme temperature fluctuations.