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Intermediate-mass black holes (100–100,000 solar masses) have been definitively confirmed through multiple observations.
- True
- False
Answer: False
While candidates exist (e.g., HLX-1), intermediate-mass black holes remain elusive and lack definitive confirmation compared to stellar-mass and supermassive black holes.
Uranus has narrow, dark rings composed mainly of carbon-rich material.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Discovered in 1977 via stellar occultation, Uranus' 13 known rings are narrow, opaque, and dark, likely containing radiation-processed organic compounds.
UKSA stands for United Kingdom Space Agency.
- True
- False
Answer: True
UKSA is the executive agency of the UK government responsible for civil space policy, regulation, and international cooperation.
Pulsars are rapidly rotating neutron stars emitting beams of electromagnetic radiation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Pulsars are highly magnetized neutron stars rotating at precise intervals, emitting lighthouse-like beams detectable as regular pulses when aligned with Earth.
Hall-effect thrusters are a type of electric propulsion used in satellites.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Hall thrusters ionize propellant (usually xenon) using electric fields, providing efficient low-thrust propulsion for station-keeping and orbit raising in modern satellites.
Saturn is less dense than water.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Saturn's mean density is 0.687 g/cm³, lower than water (1 g/cm³). Theoretically, if placed in a sufficiently large ocean, it would float.
The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in 1975 marked the first joint space mission between the USA and USSR.
- True
- False
Answer: True
ASTP was the first international crewed spaceflight, symbolizing détente during the Cold War, with American and Soviet spacecraft docking in orbit.
Hawking radiation predicts that black holes can slowly lose mass and eventually evaporate.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Stephen Hawking theorized that quantum effects near the event horizon cause black holes to emit thermal radiation, leading to gradual mass loss over immense timescales.
Callisto, a moon of Jupiter, has the oldest and most heavily cratered surface in the solar system.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Callisto shows no signs of geological resurfacing, preserving impact craters dating back over 4 billion years, making it one of the most ancient surfaces known.
The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram plots stars based on their luminosity versus surface temperature.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The H-R diagram is a fundamental tool in stellar astrophysics, classifying stars into main sequence, giants, supergiants, and white dwarfs based on absolute magnitude/luminosity vs. spectral class/temperature.
Sunita Williams holds the record for the most cumulative time spent in space by any woman.
- True
- False
Answer: False
As of recent records, Peggy Whitson holds the record for most cumulative time in space by a woman (>675 days). Sunita Williams has significant time but not the record.
The asteroid belt contains enough mass to form a planet larger than Mars.
- True
- False
Answer: False
The total mass of the asteroid belt is less than 4% of the Moon's mass, far too little to form even a Mars-sized body. Ceres alone accounts for ~25% of the belt's mass.
Brown dwarfs are failed stars that never sustained hydrogen fusion.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Brown dwarfs have masses between giant planets and low-mass stars (~13-80 Jupiter masses). They may briefly fuse deuterium but never sustain stable hydrogen fusion.
Space debris poses a growing threat to operational satellites in Low Earth Orbit.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Millions of pieces of defunct satellites, rocket stages, and fragments orbit Earth at high velocities, increasing collision risks and threatening sustainable space operations.
Triton, Neptune's largest moon, orbits in the same direction as Neptune's rotation.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Triton has a retrograde orbit (opposite to Neptune's rotation), suggesting it was captured from the Kuiper Belt rather than forming in situ.
Roscosmos is the space agency of Ukraine.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Roscosmos is the State Corporation for Space Activities of the Russian Federation. Ukraine has its own space agency, SSAU.
Uranus and Neptune are classified as ice giants rather than gas giants.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Unlike Jupiter and Saturn (gas giants dominated by hydrogen/helium), Uranus and Neptune contain higher proportions of 'ices' (water, ammonia, methane), hence termed ice giants.
Cosmic Microwave Background radiation is uniform in all directions with tiny fluctuations.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The CMB is remarkably isotropic (uniform) at 2.725 K, with minute anisotropies (~1 part in 100,000) that seeded the formation of cosmic structures.
Eris is more massive than Pluto.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Eris, discovered in 2005, is slightly more massive than Pluto, prompting the IAU to redefine 'planet' and create the 'dwarf planet' category.
The Mir space station was deorbited and burned up in Earth's atmosphere in 2001.
- True
- False
Answer: True
After 15 years in orbit, Mir was deliberately deorbited in March 2001, with debris falling into the South Pacific Ocean.