GK Questions

Initiated by NASA in 2020, the Artemis Accords establish norms for peaceful, transparent, and interoperable space exploration, signed by over 30 nations.

Saturn's mean density is 0.687 g/cm³, lower than water (1 g/cm³). Theoretically, if placed in a sufficiently large ocean, it would float.

NavIC transmits navigation signals in L5 and S-bands; the S-band also supports messaging/alert dissemination for disaster management and maritime safety.

Irregular galaxies have chaotic shapes without defined structure, often resulting from gravitational interactions or mergers with other galaxies.

SUIT (Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope) captures high-resolution images of the solar photosphere and chromosphere in near-ultraviolet wavelengths, studying magnetic structures.

ASTP was the first international crewed spaceflight, symbolizing détente during the Cold War, with American and Soviet spacecraft docking in orbit.

LVM3 uses two large S200 solid rocket boosters for initial thrust. The core L110 stage uses liquid UDMH/N2O4, and the C25 upper stage uses cryogenic LH2/LOX.

The Kuiper Belt contains remnants from solar system formation, including icy bodies, comets, and dwarf planets like Pluto, Haumea, and Makemake.

LPSC's test facility at Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu, conducts hot tests of semi-cryogenic and cryogenic engines, validating performance before flight integration.

Stephen Hawking theorized that quantum effects near the event horizon cause black holes to emit thermal radiation, leading to gradual mass loss over immense timescales.

The Methane Sensor for Mars (MSM) aimed to measure atmospheric methane, a potential biosignature or indicator of geological activity, though results were inconclusive.

Navigation satellites in MEO (e.g., GPS at ~20,200 km altitude) have an orbital period of approximately 12 hours, ensuring global coverage with multiple overlapping orbits.

Viking 1 landed on Chryse Planitia on July 20, 1976, conducting the first biology experiments on Mars and returning panoramic images for six years.

Callisto shows no signs of geological resurfacing, preserving impact craters dating back over 4 billion years, making it one of the most ancient surfaces known.

The Guiana Space Centre in Kourou is operated by CNES (France) and used primarily by ESA for Ariane and Vega launches due to its proximity to the equator, enhancing payload capacity.

Launched in 2015, AstroSat is India's first dedicated multi-wavelength space telescope, observing simultaneously in UV, optical, and X-ray bands to study celestial sources.

IN-SPAC, established in 2020, acts as an independent nodal agency to enable, authorize, and supervise private sector entities in space activities, fostering commercialization.

The H-R diagram is a fundamental tool in stellar astrophysics, classifying stars into main sequence, giants, supergiants, and white dwarfs based on absolute magnitude/luminosity vs. spectral class/temperature.

ChASTE (Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment) measured the thermal conductivity and temperature profile of the lunar topsoil near the south pole, providing critical data for future landing missions.

Mercury has the highest orbital eccentricity (0.2056) of all major planets, meaning its distance from the Sun varies significantly between perihelion and aphelion.