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Answer: Aditya
PAPA measures solar wind plasma parameters (density, velocity, temperature) to understand coronal heating and space weather drivers.
Answer: True
High-frequency QPOs correlate with inner disk dynamics near ISCO, providing indirect spin measurements complementary to continuum fitting.
Answer: Sounding rockets and stratospheric balloons
REXUS (rockets) and BEXUS (balloons) are ESA/DLR/SNSB programs offering students hands-on experience in microgravity/atmospheric research.
Answer: CNSA
Long March rockets are China's primary launch vehicles, evolving from DF-5 ICBM technology to support crewed, lunar, and space station missions.
Answer: Docking
SPADEX (Space Docking Experiment) involves two small satellites performing rendezvous/docking, validating tech for Gaganyaan and future space stations.
Answer: True
Martian polar caps contain layered water ice overlain by seasonal CO₂ frost; north cap retains summer water ice, south cap retains perennial CO₂.
Answer: Luminosity
Period-luminosity relation allows Cepheids to serve as standard candles for measuring galactic/extragalactic distances, foundational to Hubble's law.
Answer: JUICE
JUICE (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) launched April 2023, arriving 2031 to study habitability of Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto.
Answer: Dehradun
RRSC-South Asia at IIRS Dehradun supports regional countries with remote sensing training/data under UN-ESCAP framework.
Answer: True
Zarya (Functional Cargo Block) launched Nov 20, 1998, providing initial propulsion/power until Unity node arrived weeks later.
Answer: True - used by Chandrayaan orbiter
Lunar frozen orbits (inclination ~27°, 50°, 76°, 86°) counteract mascon perturbations, enabling long-term stable orbits for Chandrayaan and LRO.
Answer: Cosmic expansion history
BAO are frozen sound wave imprints in galaxy distribution (~150 Mpc scale), constraining dark energy and expansion rate across cosmic time.
Answer: 14
Pragyan traversed ~100 m and operated for one lunar day (~14 Earth days) before entering sleep mode at lunar sunset; wake-up attempts failed.
Answer: True
NASA's Psyche mission launched Oct 2023 to explore the metal-rich asteroid 16 Psyche, possibly a protoplanet's exposed core.
Answer: RH-560 sounding rocket
ISRO's ATV-D01 scramjet test flew on RH-560 Mk III sounding rocket in Aug 2016, demonstrating supersonic combustion air-breathing propulsion.
Answer: JAXA
JAXA's Hayabusa2 collected samples from asteroid Ryugu (2018-2019) and returned them to Earth in Dec 2020, advancing understanding of solar system origins.
Answer: 2011
Jugnu, a 3 kg student satellite for agriculture/disaster monitoring, launched aboard PSLV-C18 in Oct 2011, pioneering academic space research in India.
Answer: True
Magnetars possess magnetic fields trillions of times stronger than Earth's, producing giant flares and soft gamma repeater bursts.
Answer: 2014
CARE, launched atop LVM3-X in Dec 2014, tested ablative heat shield and parachute systems for Gaganyaan crew module recovery.
Answer: Venus
Venus rotates east-to-west (retrograde) every 243 Earth days, while its orbital period is 225 days, making its sidereal day longer than its year.