GK Questions

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polity hard fill_blank

DPSP remain relevant for digital governance: data protection (privacy as dignity), digital inclusion (access as equality), and algorithmic accountability (fairness as justice) require innovative policy responses guided by ______ principles of welfare, rights, and democratic values.

  1. colonial
  2. constitutional
  3. market
  4. theocratic
polity hard true_false

Though non-justiciable, DPSP play crucial role in judicial review: courts examine whether laws, policies comply with constitutional values, including DPSP-guided interpretation of Fundamental Rights, and evaluate government performance on DPSP implementation through public interest litigation, continuing mandamus.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

DPSP implementation faces federal challenges: many DPSP subjects (education, health, agriculture) are in State List or Concurrent List, requiring Union-State coordination. Which mechanism BEST facilitates this coordination for DPSP implementation?

  1. Presidential ordinance power to bypass State Legislatures
  2. Inter-State Council and NITI Aayog for policy dialogue, best practices sharing
  3. Supreme Court directives to States on DPSP implementation
  4. Central government takeover of all State functions related to DPSP
polity hard fill_blank

In Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980), the Supreme Court held that the balance between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles is part of the basic structure, meaning neither can be given absolute primacy; this balance ensures that social justice goals advance without destroying individual ______ protections.

  1. economic
  2. liberty
  3. administrative
  4. military
polity hard true_false

Article 51 directs the State to foster respect for international law and treaty obligations, and Indian courts increasingly refer to international human rights treaties, environmental agreements to interpret constitutional provisions, reflecting growing integration of international law into domestic constitutional interpretation.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

Article 50 directs separation of judiciary from executive. The collegium system for judicial appointments, though not explicitly mentioned in Constitution, is justified as essential for judicial independence. Which criticism of collegium system is MOST valid from constitutional perspective?

  1. It ensures complete independence of judiciary from all accountability
  2. It lacks transparency, objective criteria, and institutionalized consultation, potentially undermining accountability
  3. It gives excessive power to executive in judicial appointments
  4. It violates federal principles by centralizing all judicial appointments
polity medium fill_blank

Article 49 directs the State to protect monuments of national importance, and sustainable tourism policies balance conservation with public access, ensuring cultural heritage is preserved while enabling ______ benefits through responsible tourism, education, community engagement.

  1. economic
  2. military
  3. religious
  4. political
polity hard true_false

Article 48A, directing State to protect environment, has been used by courts to expand Article 21 (right to life) to include right to healthy environment, and to develop principles like sustainable development, precautionary principle, polluter pays as part of environmental law.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

Article 48 directs the State to organize agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines. Which policy approach BEST balances this directive with environmental sustainability?

  1. Promotion of chemical-intensive monoculture for maximum short-term yield
  2. Promotion of organic farming, agroecology, sustainable livestock management, and agricultural research
  3. Complete ban on all animal husbandry to protect environment
  4. Import of all agricultural products to avoid domestic environmental impact
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Article 47 directs the State to raise level of nutrition and improve public health, and the National Food Security Act, 2013 operationalizes this by providing subsidized food grains to ______% of rural population and 50% of urban population through PDS, ICDS, mid-day meals.

  1. 50
  2. 75
  3. 90
  4. 100
polity medium true_false

Article 46 directs the State to promote educational and economic interests of SC/ST and protect them from exploitation, and this directive has guided affirmative action policies like reservation in education, employment, and protective legislation like SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

Article 45, as modified by the 86th Amendment (2002), directs the State to provide early childhood care and education for children until age 6. The Right to Education Act, 2009 operationalizes the Fundamental Right to education (Article 21A) for children aged 6-14. Which provision of RTE Act BEST reflects DPSP influence?

  1. Mandatory English-medium instruction in all schools
  2. 25% reservation in private unaided schools for children from economically weaker sections
  3. Abolition of all private schools to ensure state monopoly
  4. Focus only on urban schools to maximize efficiency
polity hard fill_blank

Article 44's Uniform Civil Code directive is often debated in context of gender justice: personal laws often discriminate against women in marriage, divorce, inheritance, and a uniform code based on constitutional values of ______, dignity, equality could advance women's rights while respecting religious freedom.

  1. secularism
  2. theocracy
  3. regionalism
  4. casteism
polity hard true_false

Article 43B, inserted by the 97th Constitutional Amendment (2011), promotes cooperative societies, but the Supreme Court (2021) struck down provisions related to State Legislature's power over cooperatives, upholding federal balance while retaining Article 43B's directive for voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

Article 43 directs the State to secure a living wage for workers. The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 operationalizes this by:

  1. Setting a single national minimum wage for all workers
  2. Empowering Central and State Governments to fix minimum wages for scheduled employments, reviewed periodically
  3. Delegating wage fixation entirely to market forces without state intervention
  4. Fixing wages only for government employees, excluding private sector
polity medium fill_blank

Article 42 directs the State to make provision for maternity relief, and the Maternity Benefit Act (amended 2017) provides ______ weeks of paid maternity leave for women employees in establishments with 10 or more workers, reflecting commitment to gender justice in workplace.

  1. 12
  2. 26
  3. 36
  4. 52
polity medium true_false

Article 41 directs the State to make effective provision for securing right to work, and MGNREGA (2005) operationalizes this by guaranteeing 100 days wage employment per rural household, with legal entitlement, social audit, decentralized planning.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

Article 39(f) directs the State to ensure that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity, and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment. Which scheme BEST operationalizes this directive?

  1. National Pension System (NPS)
  2. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
  3. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)
  4. Atal Pension Yojana (APY)
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Article 39(e) directs the State to ensure that the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children are not abused, and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or ______.

  1. education
  2. strength
  3. preference
  4. location
polity medium true_false

Article 39(d) directs the State to secure equal pay for equal work for both men and women, and courts have enforced this principle under Article 14 (equality) read with Article 39(d), even though DPSP are non-justiciable.

  1. True
  2. False