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Article 39(e) directs the State to ensure that the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children are not abused, and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or ______.
- education
- strength
- preference
- location
Answer: strength
Article 39(e) workers' health and child protection: (a) Text: State shall direct policy towards securing that health, strength of workers, men and women, and tender age of children are not abused, and citizens not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength, (b) Workers' health protection: (i) Occupational safety: Factories Act, Mines Act, OSH Code regulate working conditions, safety standards, (ii) Health safeguards: Mandatory medical check-ups, protective equipment, limits on hazardous work protect workers' health, (iii) Gender sensitivity: Special provisions for women workers (maternity leave, creche facilities) address gendered health needs, (c) Child protection: (i) Child labor prohibition: Child and Adolescent Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 (amended 2016) prohibits child labor in hazardous occupations, regulates non-hazardous work, (ii) Education linkage: Right to Education Act ensures children in school, not labor; addresses root cause of child labor, (iii) Rehabilitation: Programs for rescued child laborers provide education, counseling, family support, (d) Economic necessity dimension: (i) Poverty alleviation: MGNREGA, NFSA, PMAY reduce economic compulsion forcing children, vulnerable adults into unsuitable work, (ii) Social security: Pension, insurance schemes provide safety net, reduce desperation-driven labor, (iii) Skill development: Training programs enable workers to access suitable, dignified employment, (e) Applications: (i) Gig economy: Emerging debates on platform worker protections reflect Article 39(e) concerns about health, suitability of work, (ii) Climate impacts: Extreme heat, pollution affect worker health; require adaptive occupational safety standards, (iii) Migration: Migrant workers face health risks, exploitation; require portable protections, grievance mechanisms, (f) Illustrates humane labor policy: Article 39(e) operationalized through safety laws, child protection, poverty alleviation; balance between economic needs, health protection, dignity essential for realizing constitutional vision of just, humane work for all.