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Which country has the longest coastline in the world?
- Russia
- Australia
- Canada
- Indonesia
Answer: Canada
Canada has the longest coastline in the world at about 202,080 km, bordering the Pacific, Arctic, and Atlantic Oceans. Its extensive coastline includes numerous islands, fjords, and inlets. Indonesia has the second-longest coastline among island nations.
Which sanctuary is famous for the Great Indian Bustard?
- Desert National Park
- Keoladeo Ghana
- Ranthambore
- Sariska
Answer: Desert National Park
Desert National Park in Rajasthan is a critical habitat for the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard. The bird is one of the heaviest flying birds and is the state bird of Rajasthan. Conservation efforts are underway to prevent its extinction.
India is the largest producer of _______ in the world.
- Wheat
- Rice
- Milk
- Cotton
Answer: Milk
India is the largest producer of milk in the world, contributing about 24% of global production. This achievement is due to Operation Flood, which made India self-sufficient in milk production. India also leads in pulses, jute, and spices production.
Laterite soil is rich in iron and aluminum oxides.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Laterite soil is rich in iron and aluminum oxides, giving it a reddish color. It forms in hot, wet tropical areas with heavy rainfall that leaches silica. Found in Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Odisha. It is suitable for plantation crops like tea, coffee, and cashew.
Which port is known as the 'Gateway of Karnataka'?
- Mangalore Port
- Karwar Port
- Belekeri Port
- Malpe Port
Answer: Mangalore Port
Mangalore Port (New Mangalore Port) is known as the 'Gateway of Karnataka'. It is the only major port in Karnataka and handles petroleum products, containers, and bulk cargo. It is located at Panambur, near Mangaluru.
The troposphere contains about 75% of the atmosphere's mass.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere (up to 8-15 km), contains about 75-80% of the atmosphere's mass and almost all water vapor. All weather phenomena occur in this layer. Temperature decreases with altitude at about 6.5°C per km.
Which national park is located in Kerala and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
- Periyar
- Eravikulam
- Silent Valley
- Wayanad
Answer: Silent Valley
Silent Valley National Park in Kerala is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is known for its tropical evergreen forests and endangered species like the Lion-tailed Macaque. The park was saved from a hydroelectric project in the 1980s.
The _______ is the largest hot desert in the world.
- Arabian Desert
- Gobi Desert
- Sahara Desert
- Kalahari Desert
Answer: Sahara Desert
The Sahara Desert in North Africa is the largest hot desert in the world, covering about 9.2 million sq km. It spans 11 countries including Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Sudan, Tunisia, and Western Sahara.
The Tehri Dam is built on which river?
- Yamuna
- Ganga
- Bhagirathi
- Alaknanda
Answer: Bhagirathi
The Tehri Dam, one of the highest dams in India (260.5 m), is built on the Bhagirathi River in Uttarakhand. It is a multipurpose rock and earth-fill embankment dam providing irrigation, municipal water supply, and 1,000 MW of hydroelectric power.
The _______ crop is also known as 'Golden Fiber'.
- Cotton
- Jute
- Silk
- Wool
Answer: Jute
Jute is known as 'Golden Fiber' due to its golden color and high economic value. India is the largest producer of jute in the world, primarily grown in West Bengal, Bihar, and Assam. It is used for making sacks, carpets, and textiles.
The retreating monsoon season in India occurs during October-November.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The retreating monsoon (October-November) occurs when the Southwest Monsoon withdraws from India. This season brings rainfall to Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka. It is also known as the Northeast Monsoon in these regions.
The _______ River is the only major river in India that originates and ends within the country.
- Chambal
- Betwa
- Ken
- Son
Answer: Chambal
The Chambal River originates in the Vindhya Range of Madhya Pradesh and flows through Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh before joining the Yamuna. It is known for its ravines and is one of the least polluted rivers in India.
Which Indian state has the highest forest cover by percentage of its geographical area?
- Arunachal Pradesh
- Mizoram
- Manipur
- Nagaland
Answer: Mizoram
Mizoram has the highest forest cover by percentage (about 84.53% of its geographical area) according to the India State of Forest Report 2021. Arunachal Pradesh has the highest forest cover by absolute area among Northeast states.
Which Indian state is the largest producer of sugarcane?
- Maharashtra
- Uttar Pradesh
- Karnataka
- Tamil Nadu
Answer: Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of sugarcane in India, contributing about 40% of national production. Major sugarcane-growing districts include Muzaffarnagar, Bijnor, and Saharanpur. India is the second-largest sugar producer globally after Brazil.
Which river is known as the 'River of Sorrow' in China?
- Yangtze
- Huang He (Yellow River)
- Mekong
- Salween
Answer: Huang He (Yellow River)
The Huang He (Yellow River) is called 'China's Sorrow' due to its frequent and devastating floods caused by silt deposition raising the riverbed. Historically, floods have caused millions of deaths. Massive dam projects now help control flooding.
The Narmada River flows westward into the Arabian Sea.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Narmada River flows westward through a rift valley between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges, emptying into the Arabian Sea via the Gulf of Khambhat. It is one of the few major Indian rivers flowing west. The Tapi River also flows westward similarly.
Which national park is located in Uttarakhand and is famous for tigers?
- Kaziranga
- Ranthambore
- Jim Corbett
- Bandhavgarh
Answer: Jim Corbett
Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand is India's oldest national park (established 1936) and a famous tiger reserve. It was the first park included in Project Tiger (1973). The park is named after hunter-conservationist Jim Corbett and is part of the Shivalik Hills.
The _______ is the largest coral reef system in the world.
- Belize Barrier Reef
- Red Sea Coral Reef
- Great Barrier Reef
- New Caledonia Barrier Reef
Answer: Great Barrier Reef
The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Queensland, Australia, is the world's largest coral reef system. It stretches over 2,300 km and comprises over 2,900 individual reefs. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and home to diverse marine life.
Which is India's first offshore wind power project?
- Gujarat Offshore
- Tamil Nadu Offshore
- Maharashtra Offshore
- Karnataka Offshore
Answer: Gujarat Offshore
India's first offshore wind power project is being developed off the coast of Gujarat. The project aims to harness strong sea winds for renewable energy. India has a potential of 70 GW for offshore wind energy, primarily along Gujarat and Tamil Nadu coasts.
The _______ is the largest delta in the world.
- Nile Delta
- Mississippi Delta
- Sundarbans Delta
- Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta
Answer: Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta
The Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta (also called Sundarbans Delta) is the largest delta in the world, covering about 105,000 sq km. It is formed by the confluence of the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers. It spans India (West Bengal) and Bangladesh.