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Who founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897?
- Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
- Swami Vivekananda
- Sri Aurobindo
- Rabindranath Tagore
Answer: Swami Vivekananda
Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897 to propagate Vedanta philosophy and engage in social service. It was inspired by his guru, Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. [[30]]
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar played a key role in legalizing widow remarriage in India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar campaigned vigorously for widow remarriage. His efforts led to the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856, which legalized remarriage of Hindu widows. [[30]]
Under the Ryotwari System, the government could revise revenue rates periodically.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Unlike the Permanent Settlement, the Ryotwari System allowed the government to revise revenue rates every 20-30 years based on land productivity, giving the state more flexibility but creating uncertainty for peasants. [[30]]
The ______ System was a land revenue arrangement where village communities collectively paid taxes to the British.
Answer: Mahalwari
The Mahalwari System, introduced by Holt Mackenzie and modified by William Bentinck, collected revenue from village communities (mahals) in North-Western Provinces, Punjab, and parts of Central India. [[30]]
The Permanent Settlement was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in which year?
- 1793
- 1802
- 1813
- 1833
Answer: 1793
Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement in Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha in 1793. It fixed land revenue permanently and recognized zamindars as landowners, creating a new landlord class. [[30]]
The Battle of Talikota (1565) led to the decline of the ______ Empire.
Answer: Vijayanagara
The Battle of Talikota (1565) between Vijayanagara and the Deccan Sultanates resulted in the destruction of Hampi and marked the beginning of the empire's decline. [[1]]
Who founded the Vijayanagara Empire?
- Krishnadevaraya
- Harihara and Bukka
- Deva Raya I
- Saluva Narasimha
Answer: Harihara and Bukka
Harihara I and Bukka Raya I founded the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336 CE with guidance from sage Vidyaranya. Hampi was its magnificent capital, a UNESCO World Heritage Site today. [[1]]
The concept of Ahimsa (non-violence) was central to both Buddhism and Jainism.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Ahimsa is a core principle in both Buddhism and Jainism. Jainism emphasizes it more strictly, advocating non-violence in thought, word, and deed towards all living beings. [[30]]
The first Buddhist council was held at ______ shortly after Buddha's death.
Answer: Rajagriha
The First Buddhist Council was held at Rajagriha (modern Rajgir) under King Ajatashatru's patronage, presided by Mahakasyapa, to compile Buddha's teachings. [[30]]
Which ancient Indian university was famous for Buddhist studies?
- Takshashila
- Nalanda
- Vikramashila
- Valabhi
Answer: Nalanda
Nalanda University (5th-12th century CE) in Bihar was a premier center for Buddhist learning, attracting scholars from China, Korea, and Central Asia. It was destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khilji in 1193. [[30]]
Who wrote 'The Communist Manifesto'?
- Vladimir Lenin
- Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
- Joseph Stalin
- Mao Zedong
Answer: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published 'The Communist Manifesto' in 1848. It outlined class struggle and called for proletarian revolution, influencing global socialist movements. [[30]]
The Industrial Revolution started in England in the 18th century.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain around 1760 with mechanization of textiles, steam power, and the factory system. It transformed economies and societies globally. [[30]]
The Preamble of the Indian Constitution was amended by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The 42nd Amendment added the words 'Socialist', 'Secular', and 'Integrity' to the Preamble. It also emphasized the unity and integrity of the nation during the Emergency period. [[30]]
Who was the first Governor-General of independent India?
- Lord Mountbatten
- Rajagopalachari
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Sardar Patel
Answer: Lord Mountbatten
Lord Mountbatten served as the first Governor-General of independent India (August 1947 – June 1948). C. Rajagopalachari was the first and last Indian Governor-General (1948-1950). [[30]]
The idea of Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution was borrowed from the ______ Constitution.
Answer: Soviet (USSR)
Fundamental Duties (Part IVA, Article 51A) were added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, inspired by the USSR Constitution. They emphasize citizens' responsibilities towards the nation. [[1]]
The Constituent Assembly took exactly 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days to draft the Constitution.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Constituent Assembly first met on December 9, 1946. The Constitution was adopted on November 26, 1949, and enforced on January 26, 1950 – totaling 2 years, 11 months, 18 days. [[30]]
Who founded the Indian National Congress in 1885?
- W.C. Banerjee
- O. Hume
- Dadabhai Naoroji
- Surendranath Banerjee
Answer: A.O. Hume
Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant, founded the Indian National Congress in December 1885 in Bombay. W.C. Banerjee was its first president. [[1]]
The Indian National Army (INA) was first organized by Rash Behari Bose in Southeast Asia.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Rash Behari Bose initially organized the INA in 1942. Subhash Chandra Bose later took command in 1943, reorganized it, and proclaimed the Provisional Government of Free India. [[1]]
Who was the Viceroy of India during the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919)?
- Lord Curzon
- Lord Chelmsford
- Lord Irwin
- Lord Linlithgow
Answer: Lord Chelmsford
Lord Chelmsford was Viceroy during the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (April 13, 1919). General Dyer ordered troops to fire on unarmed civilians in Amritsar, killing hundreds. [[30]]
The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Gandhi launched the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920 to protest the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and Rowlatt Act. It was withdrawn in 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident. [[30]]