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Which school of Indian philosophy is attributed to Sage Kapila?
- Yoga
- Samkhya
- Nyaya
- Vaisheshika
Answer: Samkhya
Samkhya, one of the six orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy, is attributed to Sage Kapila. It is dualistic, distinguishing between Purusha (consciousness) and Prakriti (matter), and influenced Yoga philosophy. [[30]]
The 'Green Revolution' in India was initiated during the tenure of:
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Lal Bahadur Shastri
- Indira Gandhi
- Morarji Desai
Answer: Lal Bahadur Shastri
The Green Revolution was initiated under Lal Bahadur Shastri (1964-66) with support from agricultural scientist M.S. Swaminathan. It introduced high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice, transforming Indian agriculture. [[30]]
The States Reorganisation Commission (1953) recommended reorganization of states on linguistic basis.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The States Reorganisation Commission (Fazl Ali Commission, 1953) recommended reorganizing states primarily on linguistic lines. The States Reorganisation Act 1956 implemented most recommendations, creating 14 states and 6 UTs. [[30]]
The 'Direct Action Day' called by the Muslim League was observed on ______, 1946.
Answer: August 16
Direct Action Day (August 16, 1946) called by the Muslim League led to massive communal riots in Calcutta, killing thousands. It marked the point of no return toward Partition. [[1]]
The Muslim League was founded in which year?
- 1905
- 1906
- 1916
- 1940
Answer: 1906
The All India Muslim League was founded in Dhaka in 1906 to safeguard Muslim political interests. Initially loyalist, it later demanded separate electorates and eventually Pakistan. [[1]]
The Moplah Rebellion (1921) took place in the ______ district of Kerala.
Answer: Malabar
The Moplah Rebellion (1921) occurred in Malabar district, Kerala, among Muslim tenant farmers against Hindu landlords and British authorities. It began as part of the Khilafat-Non-Cooperation Movement but turned communal. [[30]]
The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was founded in:
- 1918
- 1920
- 1925
- 1930
Answer: 1920
AITUC was founded in Bombay in 1920 under the presidency of Lala Lajpat Rai. It was the first central trade union organization in India, advocating workers' rights and linking labor movement with nationalism. [[30]]
The Berlin Committee for Indian Independence was formed during ______.
Answer: World War I
The Berlin Committee (1915) was formed by Indian revolutionaries in Germany during WWI, with support from the German government. It aimed to secure German aid for India's independence struggle. [[1]]
The Ghadar Party was founded in which country?
- India
- United States
- United Kingdom
- Germany
Answer: United States
The Ghadar Party was founded in 1913 in San Francisco, USA, by Lala Har Dayal and other Indian expatriates. It aimed to overthrow British rule through armed revolution and published the 'Ghadar' newspaper. [[1]]
The 'Quit India' movement saw parallel governments established in some areas like Ballia and Satara.
- True
- False
Answer: True
During Quit India (1942), parallel governments (Prati Sarkar) were established in Ballia (UP), Tamluk (Bengal), and Satara (Maharashtra), demonstrating people's capacity for self-governance. [[30]]
The 'Constructive Programme' of Gandhi included promotion of ______, removal of untouchability, and basic education.
Answer: khadi
Gandhi's Constructive Programme emphasized khadi spinning, village industries, Hindu-Muslim unity, removal of untouchability, prohibition, and basic education (Nai Talim) as means of social transformation. [[30]]
The 'No Tax' campaign during the Civil Disobedience Movement was most successful in:
- Bengal
- Punjab
- Gujarat
- United Provinces
Answer: Gujarat
The 'No Tax' campaign was particularly successful in Gujarat during the Civil Disobedience Movement. Peasants refused to pay land revenue, and the movement gained strong support from Patidars and other communities. [[30]]
The Surat Split (1907) divided the Congress into Moderates and Extremists.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Surat Session (1907) witnessed a split between Moderates and Extremists over methods and goals. The division weakened the Congress until the Lucknow Pact (1916) reunited the factions. [[30]]
The Indian National Congress was founded at ______ in 1885.
Answer: Bombay
The Indian National Congress was founded in December 1885 at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay. W.C. Banerjee was its first president, and 72 delegates attended the inaugural session. [[30]]
The 'Three P's' of the Moderate leaders in the Indian National Congress were:
- Protest, Petition, Pressure
- Prayer, Petition, Protest
- Peace, Progress, Prosperity
- Patience, Perseverance, Prayer
Answer: Prayer, Petition, Protest
Moderate leaders like Gokhale and Banerjee believed in constitutional methods: Prayer (appeals to British justice), Petition (submitting memoranda), and Protest (peaceful agitation) to achieve reforms. [[30]]
The Government of India Act 1935 provided for provincial autonomy.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Government of India Act 1935 abolished dyarchy in provinces and introduced provincial autonomy, allowing elected ministers to control provincial subjects. However, governors retained special powers. [[30]]
The Maratha military strategy of swift raids and retreats was known as ______.
Answer: Ganimi Kava
Ganimi Kava (guerrilla warfare) was Shivaji's military strategy using terrain knowledge, surprise attacks, and quick retreats. It enabled the Marathas to effectively challenge larger Mughal forces. [[1]]
The 'Chauth' and 'Sardeshmukhi' were taxes collected by the Marathas from:
- Their own territories
- Neighboring Mughal provinces
- Portuguese settlements
- British East India Company
Answer: Neighboring Mughal provinces
Chauth (25% of revenue) and Sardeshmukhi (10% extra) were taxes levied by Marathas on neighboring Mughal territories in exchange for protection from raids. This system funded Maratha expansion. [[1]]
The Mughal emperor who established the 'Din-i-Ilahi' was ______.
Answer: Akbar
Akbar promulgated Din-i-Ilahi (Divine Faith) in 1582, a syncretic religion blending elements of Islam, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, and Christianity. It had few followers and declined after Akbar's death. [[1]]
The 'Mansabdari' system was introduced by:
- Babur
- Akbar
- Jahangir
- Shah Jahan
Answer: Akbar
Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system to organize civil and military administration. Mansabdars held ranks (zat and sawar) determining salary, status, and military obligations. [[1]]