Medium Level – GK Questions

Adopted in 1999, the Decent Work Agenda is ILO's framework for achieving fair globalization. It integrates employment creation, rights protection (core labour standards), social security coverage, and tripartite dialogue to ensure work is productive, delivers fair income, and provides security and dignity.

The World Migration Report, published biennially by IOM since 2000, offers evidence-based analysis of migration patterns, drivers, impacts, and governance. It informs public debate and policy with data on displacement, labor migration, remittances, and migration-development linkages.

One Health, championed by WOAH, WHO, and FAO, addresses complex health challenges at the human-animal-environment interface. It emphasizes joint surveillance, research, and policy for zoonoses (e.g., avian flu, rabies), AMR, and food safety to protect global health security.

GDPC leverages technology (e.g., mobile apps, GIS, AI) to enhance early warning, risk communication, and community preparedness. It fosters innovation and partnerships to ensure vulnerable communities can anticipate, absorb, and recover from shocks and stresses.

Olympic Solidarity, funded by broadcast rights revenue, promotes universality and equity in sport. It supports athlete scholarships, coach training, NOC management, and legacy projects, ensuring all NOCs can participate effectively in the Olympic Movement regardless of resources.

IEA TCPs are autonomous, government-to-government agreements enabling joint research on specific technologies (e.g., solar PV, hydrogen, CCS). They accelerate innovation, share costs and risks, and facilitate knowledge transfer to deploy clean energy solutions globally.

IsDB operates on Islamic finance principles: profit-and-loss sharing, asset-backed financing, and prohibition of interest (riba). It provides development financing through instruments like Murabaha, Ijara, and Sukuk, promoting inclusive growth in member countries and Muslim minorities globally.

ISO 45001 helps organizations proactively manage OH&S risks, prevent work-related injury and ill health, and foster a positive safety culture. It aligns with other ISO management system standards (e.g., ISO 9001, 14001) for integrated management approaches.

The Postal Development Report provides data and analysis on postal sector trends: digital transformation, financial inclusion, e-commerce logistics, and sustainability. It helps policymakers and operators benchmark performance and align postal services with broader development objectives.

The Emissions Gap Report is a flagship UNEP publication. It quantifies the gap between current pledges (NDCs) and emissions pathways consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C or 2°C, informing policymakers and the public on the urgency of enhanced climate action.

The ACWG, established in 2010, drives G20 anti-corruption efforts. It promotes implementation of international conventions, strengthens asset recovery mechanisms, enhances public sector integrity, and fosters private sector compliance to combat corruption as a barrier to growth and development.

OPEC+ comprises 13 OPEC members plus 10 non-OPEC oil exporters (led by Russia). Formed in 2016, this alliance coordinates voluntary production adjustments to balance supply and demand, support price stability, and ensure long-term market sustainability.

PfP is a key NATO outreach tool, with over 20 partner countries. It enhances interoperability, promotes democratic civil-military relations, and supports partners in defense reforms. Participation does not guarantee NATO membership but builds trust and practical cooperation.

The principle of primacy, established by the European Court of Justice in Costa v ENEL (1964), holds that EU law prevails over conflicting national law. This ensures uniform application of EU rules across all member states, essential for the functioning of the single market and legal order.

The AEC Blueprint 2025's fourth characteristic emphasizes people-centered, people-oriented development. This includes enhancing MSME participation, promoting inclusive growth, protecting labor rights, and ensuring benefits of integration reach all segments of ASEAN societies.

AfCFTA, operational since 2021, is the world's largest free trade area by number of countries (55). It aims to boost intra-African trade, industrialization, and economic integration by eliminating tariffs on 90% of goods and addressing non-tariff barriers.

The 'Shanghai Spirit' guides SCO cooperation. A core focus is joint efforts against terrorism, separatism, and extremism through intelligence sharing, joint exercises, legal harmonization, and capacity building via the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS).

The CRA, with $100 billion in committed funds, allows BRICS members to access short-term liquidity support via currency swaps during balance of payments pressures. It complements IMF resources and enhances financial stability among emerging economies.

A robust health workforce is critical for emergency preparedness and response. WHO supports countries to train, deploy, and protect health workers, ensuring adequate numbers with appropriate skills for surveillance, case management, infection prevention, and community engagement during outbreaks.

The CCCs outline UNICEF's minimum commitments in emergencies across sectors: health, nutrition, WASH, education, child protection. They guide preparedness, response, and early recovery, ensuring children's rights and needs are prioritized in humanitarian action globally.