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The platform that provides a unified interface for businesses to comply with multiple regulatory filings is called ________.
- Gate-All-Around / GAA
- e-Biz / MCA21
- Astra
- Authentication
Answer: e-Biz / MCA21
MCA21 (Ministry of Corporate Affairs) is an e-governance platform for company incorporation, compliance filings, and statutory services. e-Biz integrates multiple government services for businesses. These platforms reduce paperwork, enable online payments, and provide real-time status tracking, supporting Ease of Doing Business reforms.
Which SQL clause is used to combine the result sets of two or more SELECT statements?
- JOIN
- MERGE
- UNION
- COMBINE
Answer: UNION
UNION combines result sets of multiple SELECT queries into a single result, removing duplicates by default. UNION ALL retains duplicates and is faster. Requirements: same number of columns, compatible data types, and same column order. Useful for consolidating data from similar tables or partitioned datasets.
Which authentication protocol is commonly used for single sign-on (SSO) in enterprise environments?
- OAuth 2.0
- SAML
- OpenID Connect
- All of these
Answer: All of these
SSO protocols: SAML (XML-based, enterprise SSO), OAuth 2.0 (authorization framework), OpenID Connect (identity layer on OAuth). Often used together: OIDC for user authentication, OAuth for API access delegation. Enables seamless access to multiple applications with one login, improving user experience and security management.
Which initiative enables paperless, faceless, and cashless service delivery for citizens under Digital India?
- e-Office
- e-Taal
- JAM Trinity
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Digital India promotes paperless (digital documents), faceless (online processes without physical interface), and cashless (digital payments) governance. e-Office digitizes file management; e-Taal tracks e-service transactions; JAM (Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile) enables direct benefit transfers. Together they transform service delivery efficiency and transparency.
NoSQL databases do not support ACID transactions at all.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Many modern NoSQL databases support ACID transactions, at least for single-document or single-partition operations. Examples: MongoDB (multi-document ACID since 4.0), Cassandra (lightweight transactions), Google Spanner (globally distributed ACID). Trade-offs exist between consistency, availability, and partition tolerance (CAP theorem).
Which ISRO technology demonstrator successfully tested autonomous landing of a reusable launch vehicle?
- RLV-TD HEX01
- RLV LEX
- AVM
- Both A and B
Answer: Both A and B
RLV-TD (Reusable Launch Vehicle - Technology Demonstrator) program includes: HEX01 (hypersonic flight test, 2016) and LEX (Landing Experiment, 2023) which demonstrated autonomous landing of a winged body. These tests advance India's capability for cost-effective access to space through reusable rocket technology.
The Indian government agency responsible for responding to computer security incidents is called ________-In.
- CERT
- RBI
- WCAG
- CPU
Answer: CERT
CERT-In (Indian Computer Emergency Response Team) is the national nodal agency for responding to cybersecurity incidents. Functions: threat analysis, vulnerability management, incident response, security awareness, and coordination with international CERTs. Operates under Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
Which cloud storage class is most cost-effective for data accessed less than once a year?
- Standard
- Infrequent Access
- Archive
- Glacier Deep Archive
Answer: Glacier Deep Archive
Glacier Deep Archive (AWS) or equivalent cold storage tiers offer lowest cost for long-term retention with retrieval times of 12+ hours. Ideal for regulatory archives, backups, and historical data. Trade-off: low storage cost but high retrieval cost/latency. Choose storage class based on access frequency and RTO/RPO requirements.
The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act 2023 applies to processing of digital personal data within India and also to processing outside India if it relates to offering goods/services to individuals in India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
DPDP Act 2023 has extraterritorial application: it governs processing of digital personal data (1) within India, and (2) outside India if it involves profiling or offering goods/services to individuals in India. Aligns with global frameworks like GDPR. Establishes Data Protection Board and mandates consent, purpose limitation, and data principal rights.
The ISRO program aimed at developing technology for human spaceflight is called ________.
- Gaganyaan
- Artificial Intelligence / #AIforAll
- e₹ / Digital Rupee
- Carbon / Emissions
Answer: Gaganyaan
Gaganyaan is ISRO's human spaceflight program to send Indian astronauts to low Earth orbit (~400 km) for 3-7 days. Includes crew module, service module, life support, and crew escape system. Multiple uncrewed test flights precede crewed mission. Represents India's capability in human-rated launch vehicles and space medicine.
Serverless computing means no servers are used; code runs entirely on client devices.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Serverless (e.g., AWS Lambda, Azure Functions) abstracts server management from developers. Servers still exist but are fully managed by the provider. Developers deploy code functions that auto-scale and charge per execution. Benefits: no infrastructure management, automatic scaling, pay-per-use pricing. Not 'no servers' but 'no server management'.
The database property that ensures a transaction is either fully completed or not executed at all is called ________.
- FATF / Financial Action Task Force
- mBridge / Multi-CBDC
- Integration / Warehousing
- Atomicity
Answer: Atomicity
Atomicity is the 'A' in ACID properties. It guarantees that all operations within a transaction succeed as a unit, or none are applied. If any part fails, the entire transaction is rolled back. Critical for maintaining data consistency in banking, inventory, and other mission-critical applications.
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) using SMS-based OTP is considered the most secure MFA method.
- True
- False
Answer: False
SMS-based OTP is vulnerable to SIM swapping, SS7 attacks, and phishing. More secure MFA methods include: authenticator apps (TOTP), hardware tokens (YubiKey), biometrics, and FIDO2/WebAuthn. NIST guidelines recommend moving away from SMS OTP for high-security applications. Layered security approach is essential.
Which cloud deployment model is exclusively used by a single organization with private infrastructure?
- Public Cloud
- Private Cloud
- Hybrid Cloud
- Community Cloud
Answer: Private Cloud
Private Cloud is dedicated infrastructure for a single organization, offering maximum control, security, and customization. Can be on-premises or hosted by third party. Suitable for regulated industries (banking, defense) with strict compliance needs. Higher cost than public cloud but better data sovereignty and performance isolation.
The digital platform that enables farmers to access real-time market prices and connect with buyers is called ________.
- NavIC
- L1
- iDEX
- e-NAM
Answer: e-NAM
e-NAM (Electronic National Agriculture Market) is a pan-India electronic trading portal connecting existing APMC mandis. Provides real-time price discovery, online bidding, quality assaying, and payment settlement. Aims to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities, reducing intermediation and improving farmer incomes.
Which SQL command is used to remove a table and all its data permanently from the database?
- DELETE
- TRUNCATE
- DROP
- REMOVE
Answer: DROP
DROP TABLE removes the entire table structure and all data permanently; cannot be rolled back in most systems. DELETE removes rows (can use WHERE, can be rolled back). TRUNCATE removes all rows quickly but keeps table structure. DROP is a DDL command; DELETE/TRUNCATE are DML commands.
Which ISRO satellite series is dedicated to monitoring Earth's climate and environment?
- CARTOSAT
- EOS
- GSAT
- IRNSS
Answer: EOS
EOS (Earth Observation Satellite) series includes satellites like EOS-01, EOS-03, EOS-04 for climate monitoring, agriculture, forestry, disaster management, and ocean studies. These satellites carry advanced sensors for multispectral, hyperspectral, and radar imaging to support sustainable development and environmental protection.
Which initiative provides a common API framework for enabling credit flow to MSMEs using alternative data?
- ONDC
- OCEN
- AA
- e-SAMADHAN
Answer: OCEN
OCEN (Open Credit Enablement Network) is a protocol that standardizes interactions between Lenders, Loan Service Providers (LSPs), and Account Aggregators. It enables MSMEs and individuals to access credit using digital footprints (cash flow, GST, UPI) instead of traditional collateral, promoting financial inclusion.
A clustered index determines the physical order of data in a table, and only one clustered index can exist per table.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Clustered index physically sorts table data rows based on index key values. Since data can be sorted in only one order, a table can have only one clustered index (usually on primary key). Non-clustered indexes store logical order separately with pointers to data rows; multiple non-clustered indexes are allowed.
Which CERT-In directive (2022) mandates service providers to report cyber incidents within 6 hours?
- Direction 12
- Direction 20
- Direction 44
- Direction 66
Answer: Direction 20
CERT-In Direction 20 (April 2022) mandates service providers, intermediaries, and data centers to report cyber incidents within 6 hours of noticing. Also requires maintaining logs for 180 days, KYC for VPN users, and time synchronization. Aimed at improving incident response and threat intelligence sharing.