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Who founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897?
- Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
- Swami Vivekananda
- Sri Aurobindo
- Rabindranath Tagore
Answer: Swami Vivekananda
Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897 to propagate Vedanta philosophy and engage in social service. It was inspired by his guru, Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. [[30]]
Who founded the Arya Samaj in 1875?
- Swami Vivekananda
- Dayanand Saraswati
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy
- Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Answer: Dayanand Saraswati
Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded Arya Samaj in Bombay in 1875. It promoted Vedic values, opposed idol worship, caste discrimination, and advocated for women's education and widow remarriage. [[1]]
Which system led to the emergence of a class of absentee landlords in Bengal?
- Ryotwari
- Mahalwari
- Permanent Settlement
- Temporary Settlement
Answer: Permanent Settlement
The Permanent Settlement created a class of zamindars who often lived in cities and collected rent from peasants without investing in agriculture, leading to rural impoverishment and absentee landlordism. [[1]]
The Permanent Settlement was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in which year?
- 1793
- 1802
- 1813
- 1833
Answer: 1793
Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement in Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha in 1793. It fixed land revenue permanently and recognized zamindars as landowners, creating a new landlord class. [[30]]
Which Rajput ruler defeated Muhammad Ghori in the First Battle of Tarain (1191)?
- Prithviraj Chauhan
- Rana Sanga
- Rana Pratap
- Maharana Hammir
Answer: Prithviraj Chauhan
Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Muhammad Ghori in the First Battle of Tarain (1191). However, Ghori returned and defeated Prithviraj in the Second Battle of Tarain (1192), establishing Muslim rule in North India. [[30]]
Who founded the Vijayanagara Empire?
- Krishnadevaraya
- Harihara and Bukka
- Deva Raya I
- Saluva Narasimha
Answer: Harihara and Bukka
Harihara I and Bukka Raya I founded the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336 CE with guidance from sage Vidyaranya. Hampi was its magnificent capital, a UNESCO World Heritage Site today. [[1]]
Which Sangam literature text is considered the Tamil epic?
- Tirukkural
- Silappadikaram
- Manimekalai
- Both B and C
Answer: Both B and C
Silappadikaram (by Ilango Adigal) and Manimekalai (by Sattanar) are the two great Tamil epics of the Sangam period, depicting social life, trade, and religious practices in ancient South India. [[1]]
Which ancient Indian university was famous for Buddhist studies?
- Takshashila
- Nalanda
- Vikramashila
- Valabhi
Answer: Nalanda
Nalanda University (5th-12th century CE) in Bihar was a premier center for Buddhist learning, attracting scholars from China, Korea, and Central Asia. It was destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khilji in 1193. [[30]]
Who wrote 'The Communist Manifesto'?
- Vladimir Lenin
- Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
- Joseph Stalin
- Mao Zedong
Answer: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published 'The Communist Manifesto' in 1848. It outlined class struggle and called for proletarian revolution, influencing global socialist movements. [[30]]
The Renaissance began in which country?
- France
- England
- Italy
- Germany
Answer: Italy
The Renaissance originated in 14th-century Italy (Florence), marking a revival of art, literature, science, and humanism. It later spread across Europe, influencing global culture. [[1]]
How many schedules were there in the original Constitution of India?
- 6
- 8
- 10
- 12
Answer: 8
The original Constitution (1950) had 8 schedules. Currently, there are 12 schedules after amendments. Schedules deal with administrative details like states, languages, and tribal areas. [[1]]
Who was the first Governor-General of independent India?
- Lord Mountbatten
- Rajagopalachari
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Sardar Patel
Answer: Lord Mountbatten
Lord Mountbatten served as the first Governor-General of independent India (August 1947 – June 1948). C. Rajagopalachari was the first and last Indian Governor-General (1948-1950). [[30]]
Which Act introduced dyarchy at the provincial level in India?
- Indian Councils Act 1909
- Government of India Act 1919
- Government of India Act 1935
- Indian Independence Act 1947
Answer: Government of India Act 1919
The Government of India Act 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms) introduced dyarchy, dividing provincial subjects into 'Reserved' (controlled by Governor) and 'Transferred' (controlled by ministers). [[30]]
Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution?
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Sardar Patel
- R. Ambedkar
- Rajendra Prasad
Answer: B.R. Ambedkar
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee. The Constitution was adopted on November 26, 1949, and came into force on January 26, 1950. [[1]]
Who founded the Indian National Congress in 1885?
- W.C. Banerjee
- O. Hume
- Dadabhai Naoroji
- Surendranath Banerjee
Answer: A.O. Hume
Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant, founded the Indian National Congress in December 1885 in Bombay. W.C. Banerjee was its first president. [[1]]
Who was the first Indian to be elected to the British Parliament?
- Dadabhai Naoroji
- W.C. Banerjee
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale
- Surendranath Banerjee
Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji
Dadabhai Naoroji was elected as a Liberal Party MP from Finsbury Central (London) in 1892. He was known as the 'Grand Old Man of India' and authored 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India'. [[30]]
Who was the Viceroy of India during the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919)?
- Lord Curzon
- Lord Chelmsford
- Lord Irwin
- Lord Linlithgow
Answer: Lord Chelmsford
Lord Chelmsford was Viceroy during the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (April 13, 1919). General Dyer ordered troops to fire on unarmed civilians in Amritsar, killing hundreds. [[30]]
Who gave the slogan 'Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it'?
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- Subhash Chandra Bose
- Bhagat Singh
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Bal Gangadhar Tilak popularized the slogan during the Home Rule Movement. He advocated for self-rule and mobilized masses through newspapers like Kesari and Maratha. [[1]]
Which treaty ended the Third Anglo-Mysore War (1792)?
- Treaty of Salbai
- Treaty of Seringapatam
- Treaty of Bassein
- Treaty of Allahabad
Answer: Treaty of Seringapatam
Treaty of Seringapatam (1792) ended the Third Anglo-Mysore War. Tipu Sultan ceded half his territory to the British and their allies and paid a large indemnity. [[30]]
The Battle of Plassey was fought in which year?
- 1757
- 1764
- 1857
- 1776
Answer: 1757
Battle of Plassey (June 23, 1757) was fought between Robert Clive's forces and Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah of Bengal. British victory marked the beginning of their political rule in India. [[1]]