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Which principle of Responsible AI ensures that AI system decisions can be understood and explained to users?
- Fairness
- Accountability
- Transparency
- Privacy
Answer: Transparency
Transparency (Explainable AI/XAI) ensures AI decisions are interpretable by humans, enabling trust, debugging, and regulatory compliance. Techniques: LIME, SHAP, attention visualization. Critical in high-stakes domains: healthcare diagnosis, loan approvals, criminal justice. Balances model complexity with interpretability needs.
Which RBI initiative allows regulated entities to test innovative fintech products in a controlled environment?
- RegTech
- Suptech
- Regulatory Sandbox
- Digital Lending Guidelines
Answer: Regulatory Sandbox
RBI Regulatory Sandbox enables fintech startups and banks to test new products/services with real customers under relaxed regulations for limited period/time/scale. Reduces time-to-market, fosters innovation while managing risks. Themes include retail payments, KYC, lending, cybersecurity. Successful pilots may lead to regulatory framework updates.
Model-based imputation handles missing data by modeling relationships between variables to predict missing values, accounting for uncertainty.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Model-based imputation (MICE, Bayesian) models relationships between variables to predict missing values, accounting for uncertainty. More robust than simple methods for complex missingness patterns.
The technique that enables LLMs to generate code by learning from programming language corpora is called Code LLM/Generation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Code LLMs enable natural language to code generation, debugging, documentation.
The technique that enables LLMs to generate multiple plausible responses and select the best is called Beam/Nucleus Sampling.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Advanced decoding: beam search explores multiple hypotheses, nucleus sampling truncates low-probability tokens. Balance diversity and coherence.
Which brain-inspired feature enables neuromorphic chips to achieve ultra-low power for always-on AI?
- Spiking Neurons
- Event-Driven Processing
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Spiking neurons fire only when needed; event-driven processing handles only changes. Combined enable orders-of-magnitude better energy efficiency than GPUs for edge AI.
The technology that uses DNA strands for massively parallel computation is called ________ Computing.
- DNA / Molecular
- Inversion
- Green / Energy-Efficient
- Artifact / Model Registry
Answer: DNA / Molecular
DNA computing leverages biochemical reactions for parallel problem-solving. Research stage with potential for combinatorial optimization, cryptography, archival storage.
Which quantum algorithm provides quadratic speedup for unstructured search problems?
- Shor's Algorithm
- Grover's Algorithm
- Quantum Phase Estimation
- Variational Quantum Eigensolver
Answer: Grover's Algorithm
Grover's Algorithm searches unsorted database of N items in O(√N) queries vs O(N) classically. Applications: optimization, cryptography, machine learning enhancement.
The technique that protects ML models by adding calibrated noise to outputs to prevent inference attacks is called ________ Privacy.
- Nature-based / Biological
- margin
- Differential
- Account Aggregator
Answer: Differential
Differential Privacy adds mathematical noise to model outputs, providing provable privacy guarantees against membership inference and model inversion attacks.
Which attack manipulates the training process to embed backdoors that activate on specific triggers?
- Data Poisoning
- Backdoor Attack
- Model Stealing
- Membership Inference
Answer: Backdoor Attack
Backdoor attacks inject malicious patterns during training that cause targeted misclassification when trigger present. Critical threat requiring robust training data validation.
Which Zero Trust implementation strategy involves creating dynamic, identity-based network perimeters?
- Software-Defined Perimeter
- Micro-segmentation
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Software-Defined Perimeter (SDP) creates identity-based perimeters; micro-segmentation isolates workloads. Both implement Zero Trust by limiting access to authenticated, authorized entities only.
The computing paradigm that uses cellular processes for computation is called ________ Computing.
- Natural Language
- Artifact / Model Registry
- Cellular / Biological
- Zero
Answer: Cellular / Biological
Cellular computing uses biochemical reactions in cells for parallel computation. Early research stage.
The computing paradigm that uses biochemical reactions for parallel computation is called ________ Computing.
- Inversion
- Molecular / Biochemical
- Access Control
- Artifact
Answer: Molecular / Biochemical
Molecular computing uses DNA, proteins, or cellular processes for massive parallelism. Research stage with potential for ultra-low power, complex problem solving.
Quantum error correction requires multiple physical qubits to encode a single logical qubit.
- True
- False
Answer: True
QEC codes (surface code, Shor code) encode logical qubits across many physical qubits to detect/correct errors. Critical for fault-tolerant quantum computing.
The technique that smooths model predictions by adding noise to inputs during inference is called ________ Smoothing.
- Randomized
- Digital India / UPI
- Consortium
- Latency
Answer: Randomized
Randomized smoothing provides certified robustness guarantees against adversarial perturbations by averaging predictions over noisy inputs.
Which brain-inspired feature enables neuromorphic chips to achieve ultra-low power consumption?
- Spiking Neurons
- Event-Driven Computation
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Neuromorphic chips use spiking neurons that fire only when needed, and event-driven computation that processes only changes. Critical for edge AI with tight power budgets.
The technology that encodes digital information into synthetic DNA strands for storage is called ________ Storage.
- DNA / Molecular
- Ensemble
- Application-Layer
- Artifact
Answer: DNA / Molecular
DNA data storage offers extreme density (exabytes/gram) and longevity (thousands of years). Research ongoing at IITs and global labs for archival applications.
Which quantum algorithm provides exponential speedup for factoring large integers?
- Grover's Algorithm
- Shor's Algorithm
- Quantum Phase Estimation
- Variational Quantum Eigensolver
Answer: Shor's Algorithm
Shor's Algorithm factors integers in polynomial time on quantum computers, threatening RSA encryption. Requires fault-tolerant quantum computers not yet available at scale.
The technique that adds calibrated noise to model gradients during training to provide privacy guarantees is called ________-SGD.
- Ethical / CEH
- Differential Privacy / DP
- e-Filing Portal
- Forum / Index
Answer: Differential Privacy / DP
DP-SGD adds noise to gradients during training, providing mathematical privacy guarantees. Critical for training ML models on sensitive data while preventing membership inference.
Which defense technique trains ML models with adversarial examples to improve robustness?
- Adversarial Training
- Defensive Distillation
- Randomized Smoothing
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Adversarial defenses: adversarial training includes perturbed examples, defensive distillation smooths outputs, randomized smoothing adds noise. All improve robustness against adversarial attacks.