Hard Level – GK Questions

The International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures (Revised Kyoto Convention) is the WCO's blueprint for modern, efficient customs procedures, promoting trade facilitation, transparency, and predictability in international trade.

FATF Recommendation 6 mandates that countries implement targeted financial sanctions to comply with UN Security Council resolutions relating to the prevention, suppression, and financing of terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.

UNCLOS defines 'the Area' as the seabed, ocean floor, and subsoil beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. Resources in the Area are the common heritage of mankind, and ISA organizes and controls activities there for the benefit of all humanity.

The ICC's jurisdiction is not retroactive. It can only exercise jurisdiction over crimes committed after the Rome Statute entered into force for that state (July 1, 2002, or later date of ratification/accession), unless the UN Security Council refers a situation.

The ICJ is composed of 15 judges elected to nine-year terms by the UN General Assembly and Security Council. No two judges may be nationals of the same state, and the Court as a whole represents the main forms of civilization and principal legal systems.

ILO Convention No. 29 (1930) on Forced Labour, along with Convention No. 105 (1957) on Abolition of Forced Labour, are fundamental conventions requiring members to suppress the use of forced or compulsory labour in all its forms.

Phytosanitary certificates, issued by NPPOs under IPPC framework, attest that consignments of plants or plant products have been inspected and are free from regulated pests, facilitating safe international trade while protecting plant health.

IHO develops and maintains international hydrographic standards (S-100 series) to ensure uniformity in charting, promoting safe navigation, efficient maritime operations, and environmental protection through consistent geospatial data.

IOSCO's Objectives and Principles of Securities Regulation include the principle that the regulator should be operationally independent, accountable, and have adequate powers, resources, and capacity to discharge its functions.

As part of IEA's energy security mandate, member countries must maintain emergency oil reserves equivalent to at least 90 days of net oil imports, which can be released collectively during major supply disruptions.

MARPOL, adopted under IMO auspices in 1973 and modified by the 1978 Protocol, is the principal international treaty preventing pollution from ships by oil, chemicals, sewage, garbage, and air emissions.

UNIDO was established as a UN organ in 1966 and became a specialized agency in 1985. Headquartered in Vienna, it assists countries in pursuing inclusive and sustainable industrial development (ISID).

The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), established in 1952 and administered by FAO, is a multilateral treaty that aims to protect cultivated and wild plants by preventing the introduction and spread of pests.

IOSCO was established in 1983 and is headquartered in Madrid, Spain. It develops international standards for securities regulation, promotes market integrity, and enhances investor protection globally.

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), established in 1921 and headquartered in Monaco, coordinates national hydrographic offices, ensures uniformity in nautical charts, and adopts efficient surveying methods.

WCO, established in 1952 as the Customs Co-operation Council, is headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. It develops conventions and instruments on customs procedures, commodity classification, valuation, and trade facilitation.

FATF was established in 1989 by the G7 to develop policies to combat money laundering. Its mandate was expanded in 2001 to include terrorist financing. It sets international standards and promotes effective implementation of legal, regulatory, and operational measures.

ISA, established in 1994 under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), is headquartered in Kingston, Jamaica. It organizes and controls mineral resource activities in the international seabed area.

IRENA (International Renewable Energy Agency) was established in 2011 and is headquartered in Abu Dhabi, UAE. It supports countries in their transition to sustainable energy futures through policy advice, capacity building, and knowledge sharing.

The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) received the 2013 Nobel Peace Prize for its extensive work in eliminating chemical weapons globally and verifying compliance with the Chemical Weapons Convention.