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Answer: toned bronze
The Bharat Ratna medal is crafted from toned bronze, shaped like a peepal leaf, with a sunburst design and the words 'Bharat Ratna' inscribed in Devanagari script on the obverse, symbolizing radiance and honor.
Answer: Engineering Sciences
Engineering Sciences was added as a category to the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize in 1971, expanding the original six categories to recognize outstanding research contributions in engineering disciplines within India.
Answer: gravitational
The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Rainer Weiss, Barry C. Barish, and Kip S. Thorne for the first direct detection of gravitational waves, confirming a major prediction of Einstein's general theory of relativity.
Answer: Recipient must be working in India
A key requirement for the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize is that the recipient must be working in India in a research institution, university, or industry. The award recognizes contributions made within the country.
Answer: Anita Desai
Anita Desai was the first Indian author to be shortlisted for the Booker Prize, with her novel 'Clear Light of Day' in 1980. She was shortlisted three times before Salman Rushdie won in 1981.
Answer: True
The Pulitzer Prize for Poetry is awarded annually to an American author for a distinguished volume of original verse published during the preceding calendar year, recognizing excellence in poetic expression.
Answer: 15
The Bharat Ratna medal, shaped like a peepal leaf and made of toned bronze, weighs approximately 15 grams. It is 35 mm in length, 30 mm in width, and 3 mm in thickness, with a sunburst design on the obverse.
Answer: Vajra
The Param Vir Chakra medal features the national emblem of India in the center, surrounded by four replicas of the Vajra (Indra's thunderbolt), symbolizing irresistible force and spiritual power in Hindu mythology.
Answer: Manila
The Ramon Magsaysay Award ceremony is held annually in Manila, Philippines, typically on August 31, the birth anniversary of former President Ramon Magsaysay, after whom the award is named.
Answer: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, an Indian-born British-American structural biologist, shared the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome, the cellular machine that translates genetic information into proteins.
Answer: Geetanjali Shree
Geetanjali Shree won the International Booker Prize in 2022 for her novel 'Tomb of Sand' (originally 'Ret Samadhi' in Hindi), translated by Daisy Rockwell. She became the first Indian author to win this prize for a Hindi-language work.
Answer: It recognizes contributions made in India
The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize recognizes outstanding research contributions made in India by scientists who are Indian citizens and working in India. It does not recognize work done abroad or by foreign nationals.
Answer: standard metal
The Padma Vibhushan medal is made of standard metal (a bronze alloy), with a centrally located lotus flower embossed on the obverse. The words 'Padma Vibhushan' are inscribed in Devanagari script above the lotus.
Answer: CRISPR-Cas9
The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna for the development of CRISPR-Cas9, a groundbreaking method for precise genome editing with wide-ranging applications.
Answer: University Grants Commission
The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize selection is managed by CSIR with input from scientific academies and expert committees. The University Grants Commission (UGC) is not directly involved in the selection process.
Answer: President
The Param Vir Chakra is awarded by the President of India, who is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, based on recommendations from the Ministry of Defence and the respective service headquarters.
Answer: white
The Bharat Ratna medal is suspended from a white silk ribbon, allowing it to be worn around the neck. The design emphasizes simplicity and dignity, befitting India's highest civilian honor.
Answer: It has an age limit of 45 years
A distinctive feature of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize is its age criterion: recipients must be 45 years or below as of December 31 of the preceding year, encouraging early-career scientific excellence.
Answer: Slumdog Millionaire
A.R. Rahman won the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media in 2010 for 'Jai Ho' from the film 'Slumdog Millionaire', with lyrics by Gulzar and vocals by Sukhwinder Singh.
Answer: All of the above
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (1991, posthumous), B.R. Ambedkar (1990, posthumous), and Jawaharlal Nehru (1955, posthumous) were all awarded Bharat Ratna for their exceptional contributions to nation-building and civil service.