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Answer: Biodiversity, climate change, land degradation, and other global environmental issues
GEF is a financial mechanism for several conventions, funding projects in biodiversity, climate, land, chemicals, and international waters.
Answer: True
The Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter aims to control marine pollution from dumping.
Answer: Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
The 20 Aichi Targets aimed to address biodiversity loss by 2020; they were part of the CBD's Strategic Plan for Biodiversity.
Answer: UNFCCC
CBDR acknowledges that while all states share responsibility for environmental protection, developed countries have greater historical emissions and capacity to act.
Answer: Convention on Migratory Species (CMS)
CMS, also known as the Bonn Convention, aims to conserve terrestrial, marine, and avian migratory species throughout their range.
Answer: True
Appendix I lists species threatened with extinction (trade prohibited), Appendix II regulates trade, and Appendix III includes species protected in at least one country.
Answer: Prior Informed Consent procedure for hazardous chemicals and pesticides
The Rotterdam Convention promotes shared responsibility in international trade of hazardous chemicals through a PIC procedure.
Answer: The polluter bears the cost of preventing and remedying environmental damage
This principle, upheld by the Supreme Court, holds polluters financially responsible for environmental harm they cause.
Answer: Consent to establish and operate for industries discharging effluents
SPCBs grant consent under Sections 25/26 of the Water Act and Sections 21/22 of the Air Act for industrial operations.
Answer: EIA
The EIA Notification 2006 mandates environmental clearance for specified projects after assessing potential impacts and mitigation measures.
Answer: Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
These rules regulate the management, handling, and transboundary movement of hazardous wastes under the umbrella EPA 1986.
Answer: True
The Green India Mission aims to increase forest/tree cover, improve ecosystem services, and enhance forest-based livelihoods.
Answer: True
The Forest Rights Act recognizes the rights of forest-dwelling communities over land and resources, aiming to correct historical injustices.
Answer: Central Government
Section 3 of the EPA 1986 empowers the Central Government to take all necessary measures for environmental protection and improvement.
Answer: True
La Niña, characterized by cooler Pacific waters, often strengthens the Indian monsoon, while El Niño tends to weaken it.
Answer: Energy (Electricity and Heat Production)
Burning fossil fuels for electricity and heat accounts for the largest share of global GHG emissions, primarily CO2.
Answer: Enhancing energy efficiency through the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
NAPCC includes eight missions; NMEEE aims to reduce energy intensity of the economy through market-based mechanisms.
Answer: True
CO2 dissolves in seawater forming carbonic acid, lowering pH and threatening marine organisms with calcium carbonate shells.
Answer: World Meteorological Organization
IPCC assesses scientific information on climate change and provides policymakers with regular assessments to inform climate policy.
Answer: Rising sea levels due to thermal expansion and ice melt
Warming oceans expand and melting glaciers/ice sheets add water, causing sea levels to rise and threaten coastal areas.