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Who founded the Khalsa Panth?
- Guru Nanak
- Guru Gobind Singh
- Guru Arjan
- Guru Tegh Bahadur
Answer: Guru Gobind Singh
Guru Gobind Singh founded the Khalsa Panth on Vaisakhi day (March 30, 1699) at Anandpur Sahib. He initiated the Five Ks and established the Khalsa as a community of saint-soldiers. [[1]]
The Ashta Pradhan was the council of eight ministers in Shivaji's administration.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Shivaji established the Ashta Pradhan (Council of Eight) to administer his kingdom. Key positions included Peshwa (Prime Minister), Amatya (Finance), and Senapati (Commander-in-Chief). [[1]]
Shivaji was crowned as Chhatrapati at ______ in 1674.
Answer: Raigad
Shivaji was crowned Chhatrapati (sovereign) at Raigad Fort on June 6, 1674, in a grand ceremony officiated by Gaga Bhatt. This marked the formal establishment of the Maratha Kingdom. [[1]]
Who founded the Maratha Empire?
- Shivaji
- Sambhaji
- Bajirao I
- Balaji Vishwanath
Answer: Shivaji
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj founded the Maratha Empire in 1674 with his coronation at Raigad. He pioneered guerrilla warfare (Ganimi Kava) and established a well-organized administration. [[1]]
The city of Fatehpur Sikri was built by Emperor ______ as his capital.
Answer: Akbar
Akbar founded Fatehpur Sikri in 1571 near Agra as his capital. It houses architectural marvels like Buland Darwaza, Panch Mahal, and Jama Masjid. The city was abandoned due to water scarcity. [[1]]
The Qutub Minar was started by:
- Iltutmish
- Qutb ud-Din Aibak
- Alauddin Khilji
- Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Answer: Qutb ud-Din Aibak
Qutb ud-Din Aibak laid the foundation of Qutub Minar in 1192. Iltutmish completed three more storeys, and Firoz Shah Tughlaq added the fifth after lightning damage. It is the world's tallest brick minaret. [[1]]
Amir Khusrau is credited with inventing the tabla and sitar.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Amir Khusrau (1253-1325), a Sufi poet and musician in the Delhi Sultanate, is traditionally credited with developing the tabla, sitar, and qawwali, blending Persian and Indian musical traditions. [[1]]
The Sun Temple at Konark was built by King ______ of the Eastern Ganga dynasty.
Answer: Narasimhadeva I
King Narasimhadeva I (1238-1264 CE) built the Konark Sun Temple in Odisha. Designed as a colossal chariot of the Sun God, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its intricate stone carvings. [[1]]
The Ajanta Caves are famous for paintings depicting:
- Hindu epics
- Buddhist Jataka tales
- Jain Tirthankaras
- Islamic miniatures
Answer: Buddhist Jataka tales
Ajanta Caves (2nd century BCE-6th century CE) in Maharashtra contain exquisite frescoes depicting Jataka tales (stories of Buddha's previous births) and scenes from Buddhist life. [[1]]
Tirukkural was written by Thiruvalluvar during the Sangam period.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Tirukkural, a classic Tamil text on ethics, politics, and love, was composed by Thiruvalluvar during the Sangam period (c. 1st-4th century CE). It consists of 1,330 couplets. [[1]]
Gautama Buddha delivered his first sermon at Sarnath.
- True
- False
Answer: True
After attaining enlightenment at Bodh Gaya, Buddha delivered his first sermon (Dhammachakkappavattana Sutta) at Sarnath near Varanasi, setting in motion the Wheel of Dharma. [[1]]
Mahavira attained Nirvana at ______ in Bihar.
Answer: Pavapuri
Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism, attained Nirvana at Pavapuri (near Rajgir) in 527 BCE. The Jal Mandir temple now stands at this sacred site. [[1]]
Who was the founder of Jainism?
- Gautama Buddha
- Mahavira
- Parshvanatha
- Rishabhanatha
Answer: Rishabhanatha
According to Jain tradition, Rishabhanatha (Adinatha) was the first Tirthankara. Mahavira was the 24th and last Tirthankara who reorganized and propagated Jainism in its current form. [[1]]
The Swadeshi Movement was launched in response to the partition of Bengal in 1905.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Swadeshi Movement (1905-1908) promoted indigenous goods and boycotted British products in protest against Bengal's partition. It marked the beginning of mass participation in India's freedom struggle. [[30]]
The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Indian National Congress was founded in December 1885 in Bombay by A.O. Hume, with W.C. Banerjee as its first president. It initially sought reforms within the British framework. [[1]]
The Revolt of 1857 was the first major armed resistance against British rule in India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Though there were earlier tribal and peasant uprisings, the Revolt of 1857 was the first large-scale, coordinated armed resistance involving sepoys, peasants, and rulers across North and Central India. [[1]]
Rani Lakshmibai of ______ was a prominent leader of the 1857 Revolt.
Answer: Jhansi
Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi led her forces against the British during the 1857 Revolt. She became a symbol of resistance and patriotism, famously declaring 'Main apni Jhansi nahi doongi' (I will not give up my Jhansi). [[1]]
The Revolt of 1857 started from which city?
- Delhi
- Meerut
- Kanpur
- Lucknow
Answer: Meerut
The Revolt of 1857 began in Meerut on May 10, 1857, when Indian sepoys refused to use the new Enfield rifle cartridges. It quickly spread to Delhi, Kanpur, Lucknow, and other parts of North India. [[1]]
The British deindustrialized India by destroying its traditional handicraft industries.
- True
- False
Answer: True
British policies favored import of manufactured goods from Britain and export of raw materials from India. This led to the decline of India's renowned textile and handicraft industries, causing unemployment and poverty. [[1]]
The Child Marriage Restraint Act (Sarda Act) was passed in 1929.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Child Marriage Restraint Act (Sarda Act) of 1929 set the minimum age of marriage at 14 for girls and 18 for boys. It was a significant step against child marriage in colonial India. [[1]]