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The international framework for coordinating lunar activities and preventing conflicts is called ________ Governance.
Answer: Lunar / Space
Lunar governance involves: Outer Space Treaty principles, Artemis Accords cooperation, UN COPUOS guidelines. Aims to ensure peaceful, sustainable exploration and resource utilization.
Which technology enables dynamic beam forming for targeted satellite coverage?
- Phased Array Antennas
- Digital Beamforming
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Phased array antennas with digital beamforming steer signals electronically without moving parts. Enables adaptive coverage, interference mitigation, and capacity optimization for satellite broadband.
Small satellite launch vehicles like SSLV enable cost-effective access to space for dedicated missions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
SSLV (ISRO) and similar small launchers provide dedicated launches for mini/micro satellites, reducing cost and schedule uncertainty vs rideshare. Critical for responsive space access and innovation.
Which CBDC design enables interoperability with existing payment systems?
- API-Based Integration
- Common Standards
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
CBDC interoperability: APIs enable integration with UPI, cards, wallets; common standards (ISO 20022) ensure seamless data exchange. Critical for user adoption and payment ecosystem evolution.
The international standard for crypto asset service provider registration is developed by ________.
Answer: FATF / Financial Action Task Force
FATF sets global AML/CFT standards for VASPs: registration, KYC, Travel Rule compliance. Countries implement through domestic laws. Critical for cross-border crypto regulatory alignment.
Which CBDC benefit enables financial inclusion for unbanked populations?
- Offline Capability
- Low-Cost Transactions
- Simplified Onboarding
- All of these
Answer: All of these
CBDC inclusion features: offline mode for connectivity-challenged areas, low transaction costs vs traditional banking, simplified KYC for basic accounts. Critical for expanding financial access.
Which technology enables confidential CBDC transactions while allowing regulatory audit?
- Zero-Knowledge Proofs
- Homomorphic Encryption
- Secure Multi-Party Computation
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Privacy-enhancing technologies: ZK-proofs verify without revealing data; homomorphic encryption enables computation on ciphertext; SMPC allows joint processing. Balance privacy with regulatory oversight.
The CBDC feature that allows transactions to be reversed under specific conditions is called ________ Capability.
Answer: Reversibility / Recoverability
Controlled reversibility enables transaction reversal for fraud, error, or legal orders while preserving finality for legitimate transactions. Critical for consumer protection and regulatory compliance.
Which regulatory approach treats crypto assets based on their economic function rather than underlying technology?
- Technology-Neutral Regulation
- Substance-Over-Form Principle
- Risk-Based Supervision
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Modern crypto regulation focuses on economic substance: payment tokens, security tokens, utility tokens regulated by function. Avoids technology lock-in and adapts to innovation. Critical for policy design.
Wholesale CBDC can enable real-time gross settlement of interbank transactions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
e₹-W enables instant, final settlement between banks and financial institutions, reducing counterparty risk and liquidity needs. Critical for payment system modernization and financial stability.
Which Indian provision requires crypto exchanges to maintain records for 5 years?
- PMLA Rules
- IT Act
- SEBI Guidelines
- RBI Directions
Answer: PMLA Rules
PMLA rules require VASPs to maintain KYC records, transaction logs, and audit trails for 5 years. Enables regulatory oversight, investigation, and compliance verification. Critical for operational requirements.
The CBDC architecture that combines centralized control with distributed validation is called ________ Ledger.
Answer: Permissioned Distributed / Hybrid
Hybrid ledger: central bank controls issuance/monetary policy, distributed nodes validate transactions. Balances sovereignty, resilience, and performance for national digital currency systems.
Which CBDC feature enables automatic compliance with transaction limits and reporting?
- Programmable Rules
- Smart Contracts
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Programmable CBDC with embedded rules can enforce AML limits, reporting thresholds, and policy conditions automatically. Enhances compliance efficiency while requiring careful privacy design.
Liquid cooling systems for data centers can achieve higher energy efficiency than air cooling.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Liquid cooling (direct-to-chip, immersion) removes heat more efficiently than air, enabling higher server density and lower PUE. Critical for high-performance computing and sustainable data center design.
Which standard verifies that carbon offset projects deliver additional emission reductions?
- Additionality Assessment
- Baseline Methodology
- Third-party Verification
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Carbon credit integrity requires: additionality proof (beyond business-as-usual), robust baseline setting, independent verification. Standards: Verra, Gold Standard ensure methodological rigor for credible offsets.
The technology that uses AI to optimize renewable energy forecasting and grid integration is called ________ Forecasting.
Answer: AI-based / Machine Learning
AI forecasting improves solar/wind power prediction using weather data, historical patterns, real-time sensors. Enables better grid balancing, reduced curtailment, and higher renewable penetration.
Which practice extends hardware lifespan to reduce electronic waste?
- Modular Design
- Repairability Standards
- Software Optimization
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Sustainable hardware: modular design enables component upgrades; repairability standards ensure spare parts availability; software optimization reduces need for hardware replacement. Critical for circular economy.
Carbon border adjustments aim to prevent carbon leakage by taxing imports from countries with weaker climate policies.
- True
- False
Answer: True
CBAM (EU) and similar mechanisms level playing field by imposing carbon costs on imports. Encourages global climate action while protecting domestic industries. India monitoring developments for trade policy.
Which technology enables real-time monitoring of methane emissions from oil/gas infrastructure?
- Satellite Remote Sensing
- Drone-based Sensors
- Ground-based Detectors
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Methane monitoring combines: satellite (GHGSat, Sentinel), drones for targeted surveys, ground sensors for continuous monitoring. Critical for leak detection, regulatory compliance, and climate mitigation.
The process of extracting oxygen from lunar regolith for life support is called ________ Extraction.
Answer: Oxygen / ISRU
Lunar regolith contains ~40% oxygen by weight. Extraction methods: molten regolith electrolysis, hydrogen reduction. Enables sustainable lunar bases by producing breathable air and rocket oxidizer.