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The technique of sending data packets through multiple paths to optimize network performance is called ________ Routing.
Answer: Dynamic
Dynamic Routing protocols (OSPF, BGP, EIGRP) automatically adjust paths based on network topology changes, congestion, or failures. Unlike static routing (manually configured), dynamic routing scales for large networks and provides redundancy. Essential for internet backbone and enterprise WANs.
Which NPCI initiative enables interoperable QR code payments across all UPI apps?
- Bharat QR
- UPI QR
- Both A and B
- None
Answer: Both A and B
Bharat QR and UPI QR are interoperable standards allowing merchants to display a single QR code accepted by all UPI apps and card networks. Eliminates need for multiple QR stickers. NPCI's standardization promotes cashless adoption at small merchants with low-cost acceptance infrastructure.
The SSLV (Small Satellite Launch Vehicle) is designed for launching mini, micro, and nanosatellites.
- True
- False
Answer: True
SSLV is ISRO's cost-effective launch vehicle for small satellites (up to 500 kg to LEO). Features: low cost, quick turnaround, minimal infrastructure. First successful mission SSLV-D3 (2024) demonstrated reliability. Caters to growing global demand for small satellite launches and technology demonstrations.
Which attack floods a network with ICMP echo requests to consume bandwidth?
- Smurf Attack
- Ping Flood
- SYN Flood
- All of these
Answer: All of these
ICMP-based DoS attacks include: Ping Flood (direct echo request flood), Smurf Attack (spoofed broadcast amplification), and variants. Mitigation: rate limiting ICMP, disabling broadcast responses, ingress filtering, and DDoS protection services. Network monitoring detects abnormal traffic patterns.
The process of dividing a disk into logical sections for separate management is called ________.
Answer: Partitioning
Partitioning divides a physical disk into logical sections (partitions) that can be formatted with different file systems, used for multiple OS installations, or separate data organization. Tools: Disk Management (Windows), fdisk/gparted (Linux). Enables better organization, security, and recovery strategies.
Which technology uses distributed sensors to monitor structural health of bridges and buildings?
- IoT
- Blockchain
- VR
- 3D Printing
Answer: IoT
IoT sensors (strain gauges, accelerometers, temperature) embedded in infrastructure monitor stress, vibrations, and environmental conditions in real-time. Data analytics predict maintenance needs and prevent failures. Critical for smart cities, disaster resilience, and extending asset lifespan with predictive maintenance.
The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission creates unique health IDs for citizens.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) assigns 14-digit ABHA (Ayushman Bharat Health Account) numbers as unique health IDs. Enables consent-based sharing of health records across providers, teleconsultations, and personalized care. Part of India's digital health infrastructure transformation.
Which frequency band offers better building penetration for mobile signals?
- 26 GHz
- 3.5 GHz
- 700 MHz
- 1800 MHz
Answer: 700 MHz
Lower frequency bands (like 700 MHz) have longer wavelengths that penetrate buildings and obstacles better, providing wider coverage with fewer towers. Higher bands (3.5 GHz, 26 GHz) offer higher capacity but shorter range, requiring denser infrastructure. 5G deployments use band combinations for coverage+capacity.
A security model that defines how subjects access objects in a system is called ________ Model.
Answer: Access Control
Access Control Models define policies for subject-object interactions: DAC (owner-controlled), MAC (system-enforced labels), RBAC (role-based permissions), ABAC (attribute-based rules). Critical for enforcing least privilege and compliance in enterprise systems. Implemented via IAM solutions and directory services.
Which device operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model and uses MAC addresses?
- Router
- Switch
- Hub
- Gateway
Answer: Switch
Switch operates at Data Link Layer (Layer 2), using MAC addresses to forward frames to specific ports within a LAN. More efficient than hubs (broadcast to all ports). Managed switches support VLANs, QoS, and security features. Routers operate at Layer 3 using IP addresses.
UPI transactions can be reversed by the sender after successful completion.
- True
- False
Answer: False
UPI transactions are instant and irrevocable once completed. Senders must verify recipient details before confirming. For erroneous transactions, users must contact recipient for refund or raise dispute with bank/NPCI. Always double-check VPA/amount before sending money via UPI.
Which port is commonly used for connecting a keyboard to a computer?
- HDMI
- USB
- VGA
- Ethernet
Answer: USB
USB (Universal Serial Bus) is the standard port for keyboards, mice, and most peripherals. Replaced legacy PS/2 ports. USB-C offers reversible connector and higher power/data transfer. Wireless keyboards use Bluetooth or RF dongles, but USB remains universal for wired connections.
The technology that uses drones for delivering packages in remote areas is part of ________ Logistics.
Answer: Drone
Drone Logistics uses unmanned aerial vehicles for last-mile delivery, especially in remote/hilly areas with poor road connectivity. India's Drone Rules 2021 facilitate commercial drone operations. Applications: medical supplies, e-commerce, agriculture spraying. Requires airspace management and safety protocols.
Which SQL aggregate function returns the number of rows matching a condition?
- SUM
- AVG
- COUNT
- MAX
Answer: COUNT
COUNT() returns the number of rows that match a specified condition. COUNT(*) counts all rows; COUNT(column) counts non-NULL values. Used with GROUP BY for segmented counts. Other aggregates: SUM (total), AVG (mean), MIN/MAX (extremes). Essential for reporting and analytics queries.
PSLV has successfully launched satellites for other countries as part of commercial missions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
PSLV has launched over 300 foreign satellites for 34+ countries, establishing ISRO as a reliable, cost-effective launch service provider. Notable missions: PSLV-C37 (104 satellites in one launch), PSLV-C44 (Microsat-R). Commercial launches generate revenue and foster international cooperation.
Which authentication method uses physical characteristics like fingerprint or face?
- Knowledge-based
- Possession-based
- Inherence-based
- Location-based
Answer: Inherence-based
Inherence-based authentication uses biometric traits inherent to the user: fingerprint, iris, face, voice, or behavioral patterns. Part of multi-factor authentication (MFA). Advantages: hard to lose/share; challenges: privacy concerns, spoofing risks, and accessibility for disabled users.
The platform that enables farmers to sell produce directly to buyers at transparent prices is called ________.
Answer: e-NAM
e-NAM (Electronic National Agriculture Market) is an online trading platform connecting APMC mandis across India. Enables transparent price discovery, wider market access, and reduced intermediation for farmers. Integrated with quality assaying, payment settlement, and logistics services for efficient agricultural trade.
Which technology enables voice calls over internet protocol networks?
- SMS
- MMS
- VoIP
- GPRS
Answer: VoIP
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) transmits voice calls as data packets over IP networks (internet, LAN). Examples: WhatsApp calls, Zoom, Skype, corporate PBX. Advantages: lower cost, integration with apps, advanced features. Quality depends on bandwidth, latency, and jitter management.
The BIOS settings are stored in CMOS memory powered by a small battery on the motherboard.
- True
- False
Answer: True
CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) memory stores BIOS/UEFI settings (boot order, system time, hardware config) and is powered by a coin-cell battery (CR2032). If battery dies, settings reset to defaults and system clock loses time. Replacing battery restores persistent storage.
Which AI technique is used for detecting anomalies in network traffic for cybersecurity?
- Supervised Learning
- Unsupervised Learning
- Reinforcement Learning
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Anomaly detection uses: Supervised Learning (trained on labeled attacks), Unsupervised Learning (clustering normal vs abnormal patterns), and Reinforcement Learning (adaptive response to threats). Combined approaches improve detection of zero-day attacks and reduce false positives in SIEM systems.