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Answer: Thiruvananthapuram
VSSC in Thiruvananthapuram is ISRO's lead center for launch vehicle development, honoring Dr. Vikram Sarabhai who established TERLS there in 1963.
Answer: Seebeck effect
RTGs use thermocouples exploiting the Seebeck effect to generate electricity from temperature difference between hot Pu-238 fuel and cold space environment.
Answer: 72
Ingenuity exceeded its planned 5 flights, completing 72 sorties over 3 years, proving powered flight feasibility in thin Martian atmosphere.
Answer: False
Pluto has higher albedo (~0.5-0.7) than Makemake (~0.77 but smaller size); Pluto appears brighter due to larger diameter despite similar reflectivity.
Answer: Gherman Titov
Titov orbited Earth 17 times aboard Vostok 2 in Aug 1961, spending over 25 hours in space, surpassing Gagarin's single orbit.
Answer: Higher bandwidth capacity
Ka-band offers wider bandwidths enabling high-throughput broadband services, though susceptible to rain fade requiring adaptive coding/modulation.
Answer: Weather forecasting and climate modeling
SAGA-220 supports meteorological data processing, monsoon prediction, and climate research, enhancing INSAT/INSAT-3D data utilization.
Answer: True
Absorption lines blueward of Lyman-alpha emission trace intervening hydrogen clouds at different redshifts, mapping cosmic web structure.
Answer: Venus
Venus reflects ~75% of incoming sunlight due to thick sulfuric acid clouds, giving it the highest geometric albedo of any planet.
Answer: International Space Station
Canadarm2, launched in 2001, is essential for ISS assembly, maintenance, and spacecraft berthing, showcasing Canada's robotics expertise.
Answer: True
Silica aerogel's nanoporous structure makes it an excellent insulator; used on Mars rovers (Sojourner, Spirit, Opportunity) to protect electronics from extreme cold.
Answer: China
Chang'e-4 landed in Von Kármán crater on Jan 3, 2019, using Queqiao relay satellite for communication, marking a historic first in lunar exploration.
Answer: Periodic dimming of starlight
When a planet passes in front of its host star, it blocks a tiny fraction of light, causing measurable brightness dips that reveal planet size and orbital period.
Answer: Private
ISpA represents private space companies in India, advocating for policy reforms and fostering collaboration with ISRO/IN-SPAC.
Answer: Enceladus
Saturn's moon Enceladus ejects water vapor and ice grains from 'tiger stripe' fractures, confirming a global subsurface ocean and potential hydrothermal activity.
Answer: Aditya
PAPA measures solar wind plasma parameters (density, velocity, temperature) to understand coronal heating and space weather drivers.
Answer: True
High-frequency QPOs correlate with inner disk dynamics near ISCO, providing indirect spin measurements complementary to continuum fitting.
Answer: Sounding rockets and stratospheric balloons
REXUS (rockets) and BEXUS (balloons) are ESA/DLR/SNSB programs offering students hands-on experience in microgravity/atmospheric research.
Answer: CNSA
Long March rockets are China's primary launch vehicles, evolving from DF-5 ICBM technology to support crewed, lunar, and space station missions.
Answer: Docking
SPADEX (Space Docking Experiment) involves two small satellites performing rendezvous/docking, validating tech for Gaganyaan and future space stations.