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Answer: True
MESSENGER confirmed Mercury's dipole field (~300 nT at equator), generated by dynamo in partially molten outer core; unexpected given slow 59-day rotation.
Answer: 2011
Tiangong-1 launched Sep 29, 2011, serving as target for Shenzhou docking tests; deorbited uncontrollably in 2018 after extended mission.
Answer: NASA/ESA/EUMETSAT/CNES joint
Sentinel-6 continues TOPEX/Poseidon/Jason sea-level record since 1992, measuring ocean topography with cm precision for climate monitoring.
Answer: Hanle
NLST at Hanle (4500 m altitude) will be world's largest off-axis solar telescope (2 m aperture), studying solar magnetic fields and transient phenomena.
Answer: True
Digital/analog sun sensors determine sun vector relative to spacecraft body, enabling initial acquisition and safe-mode stabilization before fine pointing with star trackers.
Answer: Olympus Mons
Tharsis Montes includes Ascraeus, Pavonis, and Arsia; Olympus Mons lies northwest of Tharsis bulge as separate volcanic province.
Answer: GSLV-F14
GSLV-F14 successfully deployed INSAT-3DS on Feb 17, 2024, enhancing weather forecasting and disaster warning capabilities over Indian Ocean Region.
Answer: True
Blazar emission is Doppler-boosted due to relativistic jet alignment with line-of-sight, causing rapid variability and high-energy dominance.
Answer: Chiaki Mukai
Japanese astronaut Chiaki Mukai flew aboard STS-65 in July 1994; Kalpana Chawla (Indian-origin US citizen) flew later in 1997.
Answer: True - used in GPS III/BeiDou
Ka-band cross-links allow satellites to range each other, improving ephemeris accuracy and reducing ground segment dependency; implemented in modern GNSS.
Answer: 13
IADC comprises 13 national/international space agencies coordinating debris mitigation standards; ISRO joined in 2000s contributing tracking data.
Answer: True
Ceres resides in main asteroid belt between Mars/Jupiter; all other recognized dwarf planets (Pluto, Eris, Haumea, Makemake) are trans-Neptunian.
Answer: All of the above
Lunar Prospector (1998) detected H signature; Chandrayaan-1 MIP/M3 confirmed OH/H₂O; LCROSS impact (2009) directly sampled ice-rich ejecta.
Answer: Liquid Propulsion System Project
LPSC evolved from LPSP established in 1980s for Vikas engine development; renamed LPSC in 1990s integrating liquid/cryogenic stage responsibilities.
Answer: True
Triple-junction GaInP/GaAs/Ge cells capture broader solar spectrum, reaching 32-35% efficiency vs ~20% for silicon; standard on GEO/deep space missions.
Answer: Mimas
2:1 mean-motion resonance with Mimas clears particles from Cassini Division; gravitational perturbations prevent stable orbits in this region.
Answer: Apollo 13
Apollo 13's Service Module O₂ tank exploded Apr 13, 1970; crew aborted landing, used LM as lifeboat, and returned safely via free-return trajectory.
Answer: 20
NavIC SPS provides <20 m horizontal accuracy over India and surrounding regions; encrypted Restricted Service offers higher precision for authorized users.
Answer: True
VLBI/optical interferometry synthesizes aperture equal to baseline length; EHT achieved µas resolution imaging black holes using global telescope network.
Answer: Titan
Titan's surface pressure is 1.5 bar (vs Mars' 0.006 bar), composed of N₂/CH₄ with organic haze layers; only moon with dense atmosphere and active hydrological cycle.