Perovskite solar cells suffer from instability primarily due to:
- Moisture sensitivity
- Thermal degradation
- Ion migration
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Hybrid perovskites (e.g., MAPbI₃) degrade under humidity, heat, light, electric fields. Research focuses on compositional engineering, encapsulation, inorganic perovskites for commercial viability. India's NISE supports R&D. [[MNRE Reports, NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]