Solar energy is converted into electrical energy using:
- Wind turbines
- Photovoltaic cells
- Hydroelectric dams
- Biogas plants
Answer: Photovoltaic cells
Photovoltaic (PV) cells in solar panels convert sunlight directly into electricity via the photovoltaic effect. This clean energy technology is promoted under India's National Solar Mission. [[MNRE Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]